Describe the structure and function of the heart's chambers and valves. (4 marks)
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Sample Answer
- The heart has four chambers: two upper atria that receive blood and two lower ventricles that pump blood.
- The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body via the vena cavae.
- The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs via the pulmonary artery.
- The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins.
- The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the body via the aorta.
- Four one-way valves prevent backflow: atrioventricular valves between atria and ventricles, and arterial valves at vessel exits.
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Sample Answer
- The heart has four chambers: two upper atria that receive blood and two lower ventricles that pump blood.
- The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body via the vena cavae.
- The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs via the pulmonary artery.
- The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins.
- The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to the body via the aorta.
- Four one-way valves prevent backflow: atrioventricular valves between atria and ventricles, and arterial valves at vessel exits.