Explain how growth hormone and cortisol interact during a high-intensity interval training session. (5 marks)
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- During HIIT, the pituitary gland releases growth hormone while the adrenal glands secrete cortisol.
- This dual hormone release creates competing effects on protein metabolism in muscle tissue.
- Growth hormone stimulates muscle protein synthesis for repair and growth, while cortisol breaks down muscle protein for energy.
- Therefore, the endocrine system balances anabolic and catabolic processes during intense exercise.
- Both hormones work together to maintain energy availability during high-intensity intervals.
- Growth hormone promotes fat breakdown for fuel while cortisol increases glucose production through gluconeogenesis.
- As a result, muscles receive both fatty acids and glucose to meet extreme energy demands.
- The interaction demonstrates how multiple hormones coordinate to support intense movement.
- Timing and balance of these hormones affects training outcomes.
- Excessive cortisol can override growth hormone’s benefits if stress is prolonged.
- Short HIIT sessions optimise growth hormone release while minimising excessive cortisol elevation.
- Consequently, HIIT duration and recovery prove critical for positive adaptations.
Show Worked Solution
Sample Answer
- During HIIT, the pituitary gland releases growth hormone while the adrenal glands secrete cortisol.
- This dual hormone release creates competing effects on protein metabolism in muscle tissue.
- Growth hormone stimulates muscle protein synthesis for repair and growth, while cortisol breaks down muscle protein for energy.
- Therefore, the endocrine system balances anabolic and catabolic processes during intense exercise.
- Both hormones work together to maintain energy availability during high-intensity intervals.
- Growth hormone promotes fat breakdown for fuel while cortisol increases glucose production through gluconeogenesis.
- As a result, muscles receive both fatty acids and glucose to meet extreme energy demands.
- The interaction demonstrates how multiple hormones coordinate to support intense movement.
- Timing and balance of these hormones affects training outcomes.
- Excessive cortisol can override growth hormone’s benefits if stress is prolonged.
- Short HIIT sessions optimise growth hormone release while minimising excessive cortisol elevation.
- Consequently, HIIT duration and recovery prove critical for positive adaptations.