Compare the structure and movement capabilities of ball-and-socket joints and gliding joints. (4 marks)
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Sample Answer
Similarities:
- Both are synovial joints containing synovial fluid for lubrication.
- Both have articular cartilage covering bone surfaces to reduce friction.
Differences:
- Structure:
-
- Ball-and-socket joints feature a spherical head fitting into a deep cup-shaped socket.
- Whilst gliding joints have flat or slightly curved articulating surfaces.
- Movement capabilities:
-
- Ball-and-socket joints allow flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation and circumduction – movement in all planes.
- In contrast, gliding joints permit only sliding or gliding movements in one plane.
- Examples and function:
-
- Hip and shoulder joints (ball-and-socket) provide maximum mobility for activities like throwing.
- Conversely, carpal and tarsal joints (gliding) offer limited motion but greater stability for weight-bearing.
Show Worked Solution
Sample Answer
Similarities:
- Both are synovial joints containing synovial fluid for lubrication.
- Both have articular cartilage covering bone surfaces to reduce friction.
Differences:
- Structure:
-
- Ball-and-socket joints feature a spherical head fitting into a deep cup-shaped socket.
- Whilst gliding joints have flat or slightly curved articulating surfaces.
- Movement capabilities:
-
- Ball-and-socket joints allow flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation and circumduction – movement in all planes.
- In contrast, gliding joints permit only sliding or gliding movements in one plane.
- Examples and function:
-
- Hip and shoulder joints (ball-and-socket) provide maximum mobility for activities like throwing.
- Conversely, carpal and tarsal joints (gliding) offer limited motion but greater stability for weight-bearing.