Describe the structure and function of the spinal cord and its role in facilitating rapid movement responses. (4 marks)
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Structure:
- The spinal cord is a cylindrical structure extending from brain stem to first lumbar vertebra.
- Contains grey matter centrally (neuron cell bodies) and white matter peripherally (myelinated axons).
- Protected by vertebrae, meninges and cerebrospinal fluid with 31 pairs of spinal nerves.
Function:
- Transmits sensory information to brain via ascending tracts and motor commands via descending tracts.
- Processes and integrates information between sensory and motor neurons.
Role in Rapid Movement:
- Controls reflexes without brain involvement, enabling immediate protective responses.
- Facilitates quick postural adjustments and withdrawal from painful stimuli during movement.
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Sample Answer
Structure:
- The spinal cord is a cylindrical structure extending from brain stem to first lumbar vertebra.
- Contains grey matter centrally (neuron cell bodies) and white matter peripherally (myelinated axons).
- Protected by vertebrae, meninges and cerebrospinal fluid with 31 pairs of spinal nerves.
Function:
- Transmits sensory information to brain via ascending tracts and motor commands via descending tracts.
- Processes and integrates information between sensory and motor neurons.
Role in Rapid Movement:
- Controls reflexes without brain involvement, enabling immediate protective responses.
- Facilitates quick postural adjustments and withdrawal from painful stimuli during movement.