HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 020

Explain how a person's biomedical factors and health behaviours might interact to affect their cardiovascular health. (5 marks)

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*PEEL – Solution is structured using an adjusted PEEL method to show cause and effect: [P] State the cause/factor [E] Show how it causes the effect [Ev] Evidence demonstrating why/how [L] Reinforce the causal relationship.

**Language highlighting the cause-effect relationship is bolded in the answer below.

[P] Genetic high cholesterol can combine with dietary choices, causing adverse health effects.
[E] It can lead to either controlled or dangerous cholesterol levels in blood vessels.
[Ev] This occurs because eating saturated fats adds to genetic cholesterol production, whereas better diets such as the Mediterranean diet rich in olive oil, can reduce it by 30%.
[L] This shows a clear connection between inherited risk factors, daily food choices and heart disease
[P] A person’s genetic cardiovascular capacity interacts directly with their exercise habits.
[E] This causes improved or declining heart muscle function.
[Ev] As a result, people exercising 150 minutes weekly strengthen their hearts and lower resting heart rate, while inactive people with poor genetic cardiovascular capacity develop weak hearts.
[L] These elements work together to determine overall cardiovascular strength and endurance.
[P] Stress hormone production has an important connection with coping behaviours.
[E] This interplay can produce healthy or poor blood pressure levels.
[Ev] The reason for this is high level coping mechanisms can significantly lower cortisol levels (and blood pressure) while poor stress management keeps hormones elevated, damaging arteries and producing high blood pressure.
[L] This demonstrates why biological stress response and behavioural management techniques have a material impact on heart attack and stroke risk.

Show Worked Solution

**Language highlighting the cause-effect relationship is bolded in the answer below.

[P] Genetic high cholesterol can combine with dietary choices, causing adverse health effects.
[E] It can lead to either controlled or dangerous cholesterol levels in blood vessels.
[Ev] This occurs because eating saturated fats adds to genetic cholesterol production, whereas better diets such as the Mediterranean diet rich in olive oil, can reduce it by 30%.
[L] This shows a clear connection between inherited risk factors, daily food choices and heart disease
[P] A person’s genetic cardiovascular capacity interacts directly with their exercise habits.
[E] This causes improved or declining heart muscle function.
[Ev] As a result, people exercising 150 minutes weekly strengthen their hearts and lower resting heart rate, while inactive people with poor genetic cardiovascular capacity develop weak hearts.
[L] These elements work together to determine overall cardiovascular strength and endurance.
[P] Stress hormone production has an important connection with coping behaviours.
[E] This interplay can produce healthy or poor blood pressure levels.
[Ev] The reason for this is high level coping mechanisms can significantly lower cortisol levels (and blood pressure) while poor stress management keeps hormones elevated, damaging arteries and producing high blood pressure.
[L] This demonstrates why biological stress response and behavioural management techniques have a material impact on heart attack and stroke risk.