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HMS, HAG EQ-Bank 028

Describe TWO advantages of precision surgery over traditional surgical techniques, giving examples of each.   (4 marks)

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Advantage 1 – Greater accuracy and reduced complications

  • Precision surgery uses robotic assistance to make smaller, steadier movements than human hands.
  • Example: The da Vinci robotic system allows removal of cancerous tissue with minimal damage to surrounding areas, lowering risk of complications.

Advantage 2 – Faster recovery and less invasive procedures

  • Smaller incisions reduce blood loss and scarring. Patients can also spend significantly less time in hospital.
  • Example: LASIK laser eye surgery reshapes the cornea to correct vision, with most patients resuming normal activities within days.
Show Worked Solution

Advantage 1 – Greater accuracy and reduced complications

  • Precision surgery uses robotic assistance to make smaller, steadier movements than human hands.
  • Example: The da Vinci robotic system allows removal of cancerous tissue with minimal damage to surrounding areas, lowering risk of complications.

Advantage 2 – Faster recovery and less invasive procedures

  • Smaller incisions reduce blood loss and scarring. Patients can also spend significantly less time in hospital.
  • Example: LASIK laser eye surgery reshapes the cornea to correct vision, with most patients resuming normal activities within days.

HMS, HAG EQ-Bank 027

Wearable devices and portable technologies are changing the way health is measured.

Analyse how these innovations have shifted health assessment beyond hospitals and clinics, and discuss the consequences of this shift for both healthcare professionals and individuals managing their own health.   (8 marks)

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Overview

  • Wearable devices and portable technologies have changed how health is measured. These tools now connect personal data with professional care.
  • This change presents new opportunities and challenges for individuals and healthcare workers.

Consequences for health professionals

  • Smartwatches and portable ultrasounds are two examples where consumer wearable devices interact with clinical practice.
  • A smartwatch measuring heart rate can connect to digital health records, allowing continuous updates.
  • Similarly, portable ultrasounds enable rural doctors to diagnose without hospital imaging.
  • This interaction leads to earlier identification of problems and faster responses.
  • The implication is that healthcare becomes more proactive, but professionals must adapt to the increased flow of patient data that has become available.

Consequences for individuals

  • Continuous monitoring by individuals influences their health behaviours.
  • Devices that track sleep, steps, or diet affect motivation and self-management. For example, reminders to move or log food intake result in behaviour change.
  • At the same time, constant alerts cause stress or over-reliance on numbers.
  • This relationship shows the double impact: empowerment on one hand, anxiety on the other.
  • Healthcare workers must guide patients to interpret this information accurately and react appropriately.

Implications and Synthesis

  • Together, these technologies create a system where individuals gather data and professionals interpret it.
  • This means that roles are shifting, with patients more involved in their care.
  • The significance is improved access and prevention, but also greater demand for professional support.
  • Therefore, wearable technology is critically reshaping health measurement and redefining patient–professional relationships.
Show Worked Solution

Overview

  • Wearable devices and portable technologies have changed how health is measured. These tools now connect personal data with professional care.
  • This change presents new opportunities and challenges for individuals and healthcare workers.

Consequences for health professionals

  • Smartwatches and portable ultrasounds are two examples where consumer wearable devices interact with clinical practice.
  • A smartwatch measuring heart rate can connect to digital health records, allowing continuous updates.
  • Similarly, portable ultrasounds enable rural doctors to diagnose without hospital imaging.
  • This interaction leads to earlier identification of problems and faster responses.
  • The implication is that healthcare becomes more proactive, but professionals must adapt to the increased flow of patient data that has become available.

Consequences for individuals

  • Continuous monitoring by individuals influences their health behaviours.
  • Devices that track sleep, steps, or diet affect motivation and self-management. For example, reminders to move or log food intake result in behaviour change.
  • At the same time, constant alerts cause stress or over-reliance on numbers.
  • This relationship shows the double impact: empowerment on one hand, anxiety on the other.
  • Healthcare workers must guide patients to interpret this information accurately and react appropriately.

Implications and Synthesis

  • Together, these technologies create a system where individuals gather data and professionals interpret it.
  • This means that roles are shifting, with patients more involved in their care.
  • The significance is improved access and prevention, but also greater demand for professional support.
  • Therefore, wearable technology is critically reshaping health measurement and redefining patient–professional relationships.

HMS, HAG EQ-Bank 026

Discuss how precision surgery technologies contribute to both patient outcomes and healthcare system efficiency. In your answer include references to at least two relevant technologies.   (6 marks)

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  • [P] A key advantage of precision surgery is the improvement of patient outcomes through greater accuracy.
  • [E] These technologies enhance surgical precision by reducing surgeon tremors and enabling smaller, controlled incisions.
  • [Ev] For instance, the da Vinci robotic system allows surgeons to remove cancerous tissue with minimal damage to surrounding areas.
  • [L] As a result, patients experience fewer complications, shorter recovery times, and increased confidence in surgical procedures.
     
  • [P] Another strength is the contribution of precision surgery to overall healthcare efficiency.
  • [E] Minimally invasive techniques reduce hospital stays, freeing up resources for other patients.
  • [Ev] LASIK eye surgery demonstrates this efficiency, as patients often resume daily activities within days, lowering long-term care needs.
  • [L] Therefore, precision surgery reduces demand on hospital beds and staff, helping the system operate more effectively.
     
  • [P] However, this must be weighed against the significant costs and access limitations of precision surgery.
  • [E] While these technologies create efficiencies, initial investment and maintenance costs remain substantial. Critics contend that access is limited to the wealthy.
  • [Ev] Systems such as the NuVasive Pulse also require specialised training and ongoing education, creating resource burdens.
  • [L] Nevertheless, long-term benefits such as reduced complications and shorter hospital stays indicate that these technologies still promote sustainability in healthcare delivery.
Show Worked Solution
  • [P] A key advantage of precision surgery is the improvement of patient outcomes through greater accuracy.
  • [E] These technologies enhance surgical precision by reducing surgeon tremors and enabling smaller, controlled incisions.
  • [Ev] For instance, the da Vinci robotic system allows surgeons to remove cancerous tissue with minimal damage to surrounding areas.
  • [L] As a result, patients experience fewer complications, shorter recovery times, and increased confidence in surgical procedures.
     
  • [P] Another strength is the contribution of precision surgery to overall healthcare efficiency.
  • [E] Minimally invasive techniques reduce hospital stays, freeing up resources for other patients.
  • [Ev] LASIK eye surgery demonstrates this efficiency, as patients often resume daily activities within days, lowering long-term care needs.
  • [L] Therefore, precision surgery reduces demand on hospital beds and staff, helping the system operate more effectively.
     
  • [P] However, this must be weighed against the significant costs and access limitations of precision surgery.
  • [E] While these technologies create efficiencies, initial investment and maintenance costs remain substantial. Critics contend that access is limited to the wealthy.
  • [Ev] Systems such as the NuVasive Pulse also require specialised training and ongoing education, creating resource burdens.
  • [L] Nevertheless, long-term benefits such as reduced complications and shorter hospital stays indicate that these technologies still promote sustainability in healthcare delivery.

HMS, HAG EQ-Bank 025

Explain how remote monitoring technology reduces the burden on Australia's healthcare system.   (5 marks)

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Home monitoring prevents hospital admissions 

  • Telehealth devices track vital signs at home for chronic disease patients. This works by alerting healthcare workers to changes before emergencies occur.
  • Supporting the use of this technology is a CSIRO telehealth trial that showed hospital admissions were reduced by over 50% for users.
  • This creates significant cost savings given a hospital bed overnight stay costs around $2000.

Early intervention shortens hospital stays

  • Remote monitoring enables doctors to detect problems quickly. This happens because devices can communicate real-time data about measurements such as heart rate, oxygen levels, and blood pressure.
  • Consequently, if patients do need hospitalisation, stays are much shorter.
  • This in turn frees up beds for other patients.

Technology reduces healthcare visits

  • Patients manage conditions from home using monitoring equipment. This leads to fewer GP visits, specialist appointments, and procedures.
  • The reason for this is that continuous monitoring generates better disease management.
  • Therefore, healthcare professionals can focus on patients who need immediate care.
  • This demonstrates why the return on investment into remote monitoring technology is estimated at 5:1.
Show Worked Solution

Home monitoring prevents hospital admissions 

  • Telehealth devices track vital signs at home for chronic disease patients. This works by alerting healthcare workers to changes before emergencies occur.
  • Supporting the use of this technology is a CSIRO telehealth trial that showed hospital admissions were reduced by over 50% for users.
  • This creates significant cost savings given a hospital bed overnight stay costs around $2000.

Early intervention shortens hospital stays

  • Remote monitoring enables doctors to detect problems quickly. This happens because devices can communicate real-time data about measurements such as heart rate, oxygen levels, and blood pressure.
  • Consequently, if patients do need hospitalisation, stays are much shorter.
  • This in turn frees up beds for other patients.

Technology reduces healthcare visits

  • Patients manage conditions from home using monitoring equipment. This leads to fewer GP visits, specialist appointments, and procedures.
  • The reason for this is that continuous monitoring generates better disease management.
  • Therefore, healthcare professionals can focus on patients who need immediate care.
  • This demonstrates why the return on investment into remote monitoring technology is estimated at 5:1.

HMS, HAG EQ-Bank 024

Explain how early diagnosis technologies can improve health outcomes. In your answer, give examples of TWO relevant technologies.   (5 marks)

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Early detection enables timely treatment.

  • PET scans, for example, identify abnormal cell activity before symptoms appear. This occurs because these scans detect metabolic changes at cellular level.
  • As a result, doctors can start treatment when diseases are most responsive. This leads to higher survival rates and better prognosis.

Precise identification prevents disease progression.

  • The ACEMID system uses 92 cameras to create 3D body models that identify every mole within 1 second. This works by detecting minute changes in size or appearance.
  • Consequently, melanomas are caught before spreading.
  • This triggers immediate medical intervention, which means that cancer doesn’t advance to dangerous stages.

Comprehensive imaging reduces misdiagnosis

  • Advanced scanning generates detailed internal views. This process ensures doctors see exactly what’s happening inside the body.
  • Therefore, treatment plans target the actual problem. This in turn prevents unnecessary procedures and reduces patient stress.
  • The underlying reason is that accurate diagnosis creates appropriate treatment pathways from the start.
Show Worked Solution

Early detection enables timely treatment.

  • PET scans, for example, identify abnormal cell activity before symptoms appear. This occurs because these scans detect metabolic changes at cellular level.
  • As a result, doctors can start treatment when diseases are most responsive. This leads to higher survival rates and better prognosis.

Precise identification prevents disease progression.

  • The ACEMID system uses 92 cameras to create 3D body models that identify every mole within 1 second. This works by detecting minute changes in size or appearance.
  • Consequently, melanomas are caught before spreading.
  • This triggers immediate medical intervention, which means that cancer doesn’t advance to dangerous stages.

Comprehensive imaging reduces misdiagnosis

  • Advanced scanning generates detailed internal views. This process ensures doctors see exactly what’s happening inside the body.
  • Therefore, treatment plans target the actual problem. This in turn prevents unnecessary procedures and reduces patient stress.
  • The underlying reason is that accurate diagnosis creates appropriate treatment pathways from the start.

HMS, HAG EQ-Bank 023

Describe how precision surgery technology improves surgical outcomes for patients, using specific examples.   (4 marks)

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  • Robotic assistance enhances accuracy – The da Vinci Robotic Surgical System eliminates surgeon hand tremors and fatigue, allowing more precise movements during complex surgeries.
  • Minimally invasive techniques reduce recovery – LASIK laser eye surgery uses targeted lasers instead of traditional incisions, resulting in faster healing, minimal downtime, and reduced infection risk.
  • Advanced imaging tools (3D scans, augmented reality guidance) provide detailed views of anatomy, improving accuracy in complex operations.
  • Outcomes include smaller incisions (minimal scarring), shorter recovery times, fewer complications and greater patient confidence in results.
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  • Robotic assistance enhances accuracy – The da Vinci Robotic Surgical System eliminates surgeon hand tremors and fatigue, allowing more precise movements during complex surgeries.
  • Minimally invasive techniques reduce recovery – LASIK laser eye surgery uses targeted lasers instead of traditional incisions, resulting in faster healing, minimal downtime, and reduced infection risk.
  • Advanced imaging tools (3D scans, augmented reality guidance) provide detailed views of anatomy, improving accuracy in complex operations.
  • Outcomes include smaller incisions (minimal scarring), shorter recovery times, fewer complications and greater patient confidence in results.

HMS, HAG EQ-Bank 022

Outline THREE ways that technology is used to measure health outside traditional healthcare settings.   (3 marks)

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  • Portable ultrasound devices – these small devices connect to smartphones and enable doctors to capture high-quality diagnostic images without requiring hospital equipment.
  • Smartwatches – wearable devices that can continuously track vital signs including heart rate, blood pressure, and activity levels while sending health risk notifications.
  • Sleep tracking technology – devices that monitor sleep patterns including duration, sleep stages and oxygen levels to identify potential health issues.
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  • Portable ultrasound devices – these small devices connect to smartphones and enable doctors to capture high-quality diagnostic images without requiring hospital equipment.
  • Smartwatches – wearable devices that can continuously track vital signs including heart rate, blood pressure, and activity levels while sending health risk notifications.
  • Sleep tracking technology – devices that monitor sleep patterns including duration, sleep stages and oxygen levels to identify potential health issues.

HMS, HAG EQ-Bank 036 MC

Which of the following best describes the advantages of minimally invasive precision surgery techniques?

  1. Shorter surgery time
  2. Longer recovery times but better outcomes
  3. Smaller incisions, reduced cost of surgery
  4. Less radiation exposure and minimal risk of complications
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\(D\)

Show Worked Solution
  • D is correct. Minimally invasive precision surgery techniques typically result in less radiation exposure (when advanced imaging is used), reduced complication risk and faster recovery.

Other options:

  • A is incorrect. Precision surgery does not always shorten surgery time. Robotic set-up can make procedures longer, even if outcomes are improved.
  • B is incorrect. Recovery times are usually shorter, not longer, due to smaller incisions and reduced tissue damage.
  • C is incorrect. Smaller incisions are correct, but precision surgery often increases surgical cost because of expensive robotic equipment.

HMS, HAG EQ-Bank 035 MC

How does precision surgery support improved health system efficiency?

  1. By reducing the role of human surgeons
  2. By reducing recovery times and hospital stays
  3. By diagnosing diseases before symptoms occur
  4. By reducing the overall cost of surgery
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\(B\)

Show Worked Solution
  • B is correct. Precision surgery improves health system efficiency primarily by reducing recovery times and hospital stays.

Other options:

  • A is incorrect. Precision surgery does not reduce the role of human surgeons who remain essential to operate robotic systems and make clinical decisions.
  • C is incorrect. Diagnosing diseases before symptoms occur is a function of early diagnostic imaging and screening, not surgical technology.
  • D is incorrect. Precision surgery often has higher upfront costs due to specialised equipment. Long-term savings come indirectly from shorter hospital stays (as in option B), which is the more direct reason for improved efficiency.

HMS, HAG EQ-Bank 034 MC

Which of the following best explains why robotic-assisted systems, such as the da Vinci surgical system, are considered precision surgery?

  1. They provide high-resolution images to assist with accurate diagnosis of conditions.
  2. They reduce recovery times and surgical complications through minimally invasive procedures.
  3. They detect metabolic activity in tissues, allowing earlier cancer diagnosis.
  4. They project 3D holographic images of the heart to improve clarity of diagnosis.
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\(B\)

Show Worked Solution
  • B is correct. Robotic-assisted systems are considered precision surgery because they enable minimally invasive procedures with highly accurate movements, leading to shorter recovery times.

Other options:

  • A is incorrect. High-resolution imaging for diagnosis is linked to technologies like MRI or CT scans, not precision surgery.
  • C is incorrect. Detecting metabolic activity is the role of PET scans, which are part of early diagnosis, not surgery.
  • D is incorrect. 3D holographic imaging assists in diagnostic clarity and planning, but it is not a surgical intervention.

HMS, HAG EQ-Bank 033 MC

Which of the following is an example of precision surgery?

  1. PET scan
  2. MRI
  3. 3D holographic heart imaging
  4. da Vinci robotic system
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\(D\)

Show Worked Solution
  • D is correct. The da Vinci robotic system enables minimally invasive operations with high accuracy and reduced recovery times.

Other options:

  • A is incorrect. A PET scan is used for early diagnosis, not surgery.
  • C is incorrect. MRI provides detailed imaging for diagnosis but does not involve surgical intervention.
  • D is incorrect. 3D holographic heart imaging assists with clarity of diagnosis and surgical planning, but it is not a surgical procedure itself.

HMS, HAG EQ-Bank 032 MC

What is the primary advantage of robotic-assisted surgery in improving patient outcomes?

  1. Robots can replace surgeons in performing complex procedures
  2. Robots significantly reduce the cost of all surgical procedures
  3. Robots allow highly precise movements
  4. Robots remove the need for anaesthesia and recovery time
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\(C\)

Show Worked Solution
  • C is correct. Robotic-assisted surgery reduces the effect of a surgeon’s tremors and allows highly precise movements leading to safer and less invasive procedures with improved outcomes.

Other options:

  • A is incorrect. Robots assist but do not replace surgeons.
  • B is incorrect. Robotic surgery often increases costs due to expensive equipment.
  • D is incorrect. Anaesthesia and recovery are still necessary.

HMS, HAG EQ-Bank 031 MC

How do 3D holographic models most effectively improve cardiac diagnosis?

  1. They replace the need for other diagnostic tools, creating efficiencies in specialist care
  2. They provide detailed visualisation of heart anatomy for clarity of diagnosis
  3. They show high resolution external heart features
  4. They support decision-making by improving patient understanding of heart conditions
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\(B\)

Show Worked Solution
  • B is correct. 3D models improve cardiac diagnosis by giving detailed visualisation of internal heart anatomy, helping doctors identify issues.

Other options:

  • A is incorrect. Holographic models complement, rather than replace, other diagnostic tools such as CT, PET, or MRI scans.
  • C is incorrect. The main benefit is not viewing external features, but understanding internal cardiac structures.
  • D is incorrect. While these models can improve patient understanding, their primary role is improving diagnostic accuracy.

HMS, HAG EQ-Bank 030 MC

The ACEMID system contributes most effectively to early melanoma diagnosis by:

  1. Taking high resolution photographs of suspicious moles
  2. Using cameras to create a 3D body model that identifies and measures moles
  3. Facilitates more effective patient self-examination
  4. Comparing mole changes over time using advanced imaging software
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\(B\)

Show Worked Solution
  • B is correct. The ACEMID system uses 92 cameras to create a 3D body model (avatar) that identifies, maps and measures moles, enabling early detection of melanoma.

Other options:

  • A is incorrect. While high-resolution photos assist dermatologists, ACEMID provides more comprehensive body-wide imaging, not just individual mole photographs.
  • C is incorrect. ACEMID is a diagnostic tool used by professionals, not primarily designed for self-examination.
  • D is incorrect. Although advanced imaging software can compare mole changes, ACEMID’s key contribution is its 3D whole-body modelling.

HMS, HAG EQ-Bank 029 MC

Which best describes the role of the ACEMID system in early diagnosis?

  1. Measures oxygen saturation levels
  2. Tracks sleep cycle irregularities
  3. Creates a body avatar for melanoma detection
  4. Assists surgeons with robotic movements
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\(C\)

Show Worked Solution

  • C is correct. The ACEMID system creates a 3D body avatar using high-resolution imaging to detect and track moles.

Other options:

  • A is incorrect. Oxygen saturation levels are measured using pulse oximeters, not the ACEMID system.
  • B is incorrect. Sleep cycle irregularities are tracked with apps and wearable devices.
  • D is incorrect. Robotic movements are linked to precision surgery.

HMS, HAG EQ-Bank 028 MC

Doctors using 3D holographic heart imaging gain which key advantage?

  1. Improved post-surgical recovery rates
  2. Greater clarity of anatomical structures for accurate diagnosis
  3. Automated robotic procedures without surgeon involvement
  4. Reduced need for health promotion
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\(A\)

Show Worked Solution

  • B is correct. 3D holographic heart imaging provides greater clarity of anatomical structures, allowing doctors to make more accurate diagnoses and plan effective treatment.

Other options:

  • A is incorrect. Improved post-surgical recovery rates result from effective treatment and precision surgery, not directly from imaging.
  • C is incorrect. Robotic procedures still require surgeon involvement.
  • D is incorrect. Health promotion remains vital regardless of imaging technology as it addresses prevention.

HMS, HAG EQ-Bank 027 MC

Which technology is commonly used for early detection of cancer?

  1. PET scan
  2. Fitness tracker
  3. Ultrasound imaging
  4. Sleep app
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\(A\)

Show Worked Solution

  • A is correct. A PET scan is commonly used for the early detection of cancer, as it identifies abnormal metabolic activity associated with tumour growth.

Other options:

  • B is incorrect. Fitness trackers measure steps, heart rate, and activity but cannot detect cancer.
  • C is incorrect. Ultrasound imaging can assist in identifying some abnormal growths but is not a primary tool for early cancer detection compared to PET scans, CT scans, or MRI.
  • D is incorrect. Sleep apps track sleep behaviours and patterns, not disease detection.

HMS, HAG EQ-Bank 026 MC

How does continuous digital health monitoring most effectively reduce the burden on the healthcare system?

  1. Eliminates the need for patient records
  2. Prevents patients from requiring professional treatment
  3. Allows early intervention before conditions worsen
  4. Decreases the need for specialist referrals
Show Answers Only

\(C\)

Show Worked Solution
  • C is correct. Continuous digital health monitoring allows early intervention before conditions worsen, reducing hospital admissions and easing demand on health services.

Other options:

  • A is incorrect. Patient records remain essential for continuity of care.
  • B is incorrect. Professional treatment is still required. Monitoring simply enables earlier and more effective intervention.
  • D is incorrect. While monitoring may reduce the frequency of unnecessary referrals, specialist input is still essential for accurate diagnosis and treatment.

HMS, HAG EQ-Bank 025 MC

A sleep-tracking app records time awake, time asleep, and oxygen levels. What is the purpose of this technology?

  1. Provide an early diagnosis of cardiovascular disease
  2. Help identify patterns for further medical assessment
  3. Perform minimally invasive surgery
  4. Replace the role of medical imaging
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\(B\)

Show Worked Solution
  • B is correct. An app that records time awake, time asleep and oxygen levels helps identify patterns in a person’s sleep which can be used for further medical assessment.

Other options:

  • A is incorrect. The app does not diagnose cardiovascular disease although it may indicate irregularities that require professional follow-up.
  • C is incorrect. Minimally invasive surgery is part of precision surgery, not health monitoring via apps.
  • D is incorrect. Sleep apps do not replace medical imaging, rather they collect lifestyle data.

HMS, HAG EQ-Bank 024 MC

Which health condition could be monitored using a smart contact lens?

  1. Blood glucose levels
  2. Blood clotting
  3. Sleep quality
  4. Lung function
Show Answers Only

\(A\)

Show Worked Solution
  • A is correct. A smart contact lens can be used to monitor blood glucose levels.

Other options:

  • B is incorrect. Blood clotting requires medical imaging or laboratory testing, not wearable eye-based technology.
  • C is incorrect. Sleep quality is tracked using devices such as smartwatches, rings or apps, not contact lenses.
  • D is incorrect. Lung function is assessed through respiratory monitoring devices.

HMS, HAG EQ-Bank 023 MC

Which of the following best explains how wearable technology contributes to preventative healthcare?

  1. It warns the user when surgical treatment is needed
  2. Diagnoses diseases without medical input
  3. Removes the need for professional health consultation
  4. Tracks lifestyle behaviours and identifies early risk factors
Show Answers Only

\(D\)

Show Worked Solution

  • D is correct. Wearables track lifestyle behaviours such as physical activity, sleep and heart rate, which can help identify early risk factors for chronic conditions.

Other options:

  • A is incorrect. Wearables cannot directly warn a user when surgical treatment is needed; that requires medical assessment and diagnosis.
  • B is incorrect. Wearables provide health data but do not independently diagnose diseases without professional interpretation.
  • C is incorrect. Professional health consultation remains essential; wearables complement, rather than replace, medical expertise.

HMS, HAG EQ-Bank 022 MC

Which combination of health measurements can advanced wearable devices typically provide to support preventative health management?

  1. Daily step count, sleep cycle stages, and oxygen saturation
  2. Activity levels, heart rate variability, and menstrual cycle patterns
  3. Real-time blood clot detection, surgical outcome prediction, and tumour growth rates
  4. Recovery time tracking, robotic-assisted movement analysis, and hospital admission rates
Show Answers Only

\(A\)

Show Worked Solution
  • A is correct. The measurements described are highly relevant to preventative health as they provide insights into lifestyle and potential risks.

Other options:

  • B is incorrect. While wearable devices can collect data on the areas mentioned, the information is often more relevant to training optimisation or reproductive health.
  • C is incorrect. The measurements require advanced medical imaging and diagnostic tools, not consumer wearables.
  • D is incorrect. The areas mentioned are linked to precision surgery and hospital data systems, not wearable health measurement devices.

HMS, HAG EQ-Bank 021 MC

A smartwatch that records heart rate during exercise is primarily an example of technology used for:

  1. Measuring health
  2. Monitoring health
  3. Precision surgery
  4. Early diagnosis
Show Answers Only

\(A\)

Show Worked Solution
  • A is correct. It is an example of measuring health, as it collects data on a specific physiological function.

Other options:

  • B is incorrect. Monitoring health involves tracking a condition or changes over time rather than simply recording exercise data.
  • C is incorrect. Precision surgery refers to surgical procedures using minimally invasive techniques, not wearable devices.
  • D is incorrect. Early diagnosis involves medical technologies like scans or imaging to detect disease before symptoms progress, not fitness tracking.

HMS, HAG EQ-Bank 020 MC

A portable ultrasound device that connects to a smartphone best demonstrates which aspect of health technology advancement?

  1. Increased cost of medical equipment
  2. Increased accessibility of healthcare
  3. Improved portability and accessibility of diagnostic tools
  4. Decreased quality of medical imaging
Show Answers Only

\(C\)

Show Worked Solution

  • C is correct. This option precisely captures both key aspects: the device is portable (small enough to plug into a smartphone) and accessible (can be used outside traditional healthcare settings).

Other options:

  • A is incorrect. This technology eliminates the need for expensive machines and it actually reduces costs.
  • C is incorrect. While partially correct, this option is too broad and doesn’t specifically address the technological advancement being demonstrated.
  • D is incorrect. These devices provide high quality images with little compromise in image quality despite the smaller size.

HMS, HAG EQ-Bank 019 MC

Which device is most commonly used by individuals to track daily step counts?

  1. MRI scanner
  2. Smartwatch
  3. CT scanner
  4. Robotic surgical system
Show Answers Only

\(B\)

Show Worked Solution

  • B is correct. A smartwatch is the most common device used by individuals to measure and track daily step counts.

Other options:

  • A is incorrect. MRI scanners are used in hospitals for diagnostic imaging.
  • C is incorrect. CT scanners also provide medical imaging.
  • D is incorrect. Robotic surgical systems are used in precision surgery.

HMS, HAG EQ-Bank 016 MC

Digital health records, such as the Australian Government’s My Health Record, were introduced to support patients and the work of healthcare providers.

What is a key benefit of digital health records for healthcare providers?

  1. Large content database
  2. In-built translator service
  3. Streamlined payment for services
  4. Up-to-date information about patients
Show Answers Only

\(D\)

Show Worked Solution
  • D is correct. Digital health records provide healthcare providers with current and comprehensive patient information. This enables better clinical decision-making and care.

Other options:

  • Option A – While My Health Record does store personal information, its primary purpose isn’t to be a general medical database.
  • Option B – Translation services are not a built-in feature. 
  • Option C – My Health Record is not designed for billing. Medicare and private health insurance systems handle payment functions separately.