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HMS, BM 2015 HSC 28

Why is it important for an athlete to develop the elements of performance?   (8 marks)

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Overview Statement

  • Developing performance elements enables athletes to maximise their competitive potential through enhanced decision-making capabilities and strategic awareness that directly influence sporting success.

Decision-Making Development

  • Athletes must develop sophisticated decision-making skills because modern sports require split-second choices under intense competitive pressure.
  • This leads to improved game awareness where players can quickly assess complex situations and select the best possible responses from multiple available options.
  • For instance, a basketball player develops the ability to choose between shooting, passing or driving based on defensive positioning and teammate movement patterns.
  • Consequently, enhanced decision-making results in more effective performance during critical moments when automatic responses prove insufficient for competitive success.

Strategic and Tactical Excellence

  • The underlying reason is that strategic and tactical development allows athletes to understand their specific role within team systems and systematically exploit opponent weaknesses.
  • This occurs because athletes learn to adapt their approach based on constantly changing game conditions and evolving opponent strategies throughout competition.
  • Therefore, tactical awareness enables athletes to anticipate play patterns and position themselves advantageously before situations develop.
  • As a result, this comprehensive understanding creates significant competitive advantages that separate elite performers from recreational participants through superior game intelligence and situational awareness.

Performance Integration

  • This demonstrates why combining decision-making with tactical knowledge produces well-rounded athletes capable of sustained excellence across varying competitive situations.
Show Worked Solution

Overview Statement

  • Developing performance elements enables athletes to maximise their competitive potential through enhanced decision-making capabilities and strategic awareness that directly influence sporting success.

Decision-Making Development

  • Athletes must develop sophisticated decision-making skills because modern sports require split-second choices under intense competitive pressure.
  • This leads to improved game awareness where players can quickly assess complex situations and select the best possible responses from multiple available options.
  • For instance, a basketball player develops the ability to choose between shooting, passing or driving based on defensive positioning and teammate movement patterns.
  • Consequently, enhanced decision-making results in more effective performance during critical moments when automatic responses prove insufficient for competitive success.

Strategic and Tactical Excellence

  • The underlying reason is that strategic and tactical development allows athletes to understand their specific role within team systems and systematically exploit opponent weaknesses.
  • This occurs because athletes learn to adapt their approach based on constantly changing game conditions and evolving opponent strategies throughout competition.
  • Therefore, tactical awareness enables athletes to anticipate play patterns and position themselves advantageously before situations develop.
  • As a result, this comprehensive understanding creates significant competitive advantages that separate elite performers from recreational participants through superior game intelligence and situational awareness.

Performance Integration

  • This demonstrates why combining decision-making with tactical knowledge produces well-rounded athletes capable of sustained excellence across varying competitive situations.

♦♦♦♦ Mean mark 28%.

HMS, BM 2019 HSC 11 MC

A volleyball coach analyses video footage of previous matches to determine where to best direct the serve in various situations during a match.

Which of the following identifies two performance elements that the coach is trying to improve in the athletes?

  1. Technique and tactical development
  2. Technique and strategic development
  3. Decision making and delayed feedback
  4. Decision making and tactical development
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\(D\)

Show Worked Solution

  • D is correct: Coach develops decision-making skills and tactical awareness for serve placement.

Other Options:

  • A is incorrect: Focus is on where to serve, not technique improvement.
  • B is incorrect: Strategic development involves long-term planning, not immediate serve decisions.
  • C is incorrect: Delayed feedback is a feedback type, not a performance element.

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 593

Explain how creativity contributes to effective decision-making in team sports.   (4 marks)

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Sample Answer

  • Creativity allows athletes to think beyond standard responses when facing tactical challenges. Such flexibility leads to more adaptable decision-making during competition.
  • As a result, creative players can generate multiple solutions to problems. Athletes can then select the most effective option based on game situations.
  • This process develops independent thinking skills because athletes learn to assess situations quickly. Players respond without relying solely on predetermined strategies.
  • Creative decision-making therefore creates unpredictability in team performance. Opponents find it difficult to anticipate tactical approaches in basketball and soccer.
Show Worked Solution

Sample Answer 

  • Creativity allows athletes to think beyond standard responses when facing tactical challenges. Such flexibility leads to more adaptable decision-making during competition.
  • As a result, creative players can generate multiple solutions to problems. Athletes can then select the most effective option based on game situations.
  • This process develops independent thinking skills because athletes learn to assess situations quickly. Players respond without relying solely on predetermined strategies.
  • Creative decision-making therefore creates unpredictability in team performance. Opponents find it difficult to anticipate tactical approaches in basketball and soccer.

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 591

Explain how questioning techniques can enhance an athlete's decision-making abilities in sport.   (5 marks)

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Sample Answer

  • Effective questioning encourages athletes to think critically about game situations rather than simply following instructions. As a result, independent decision-making capabilities are developed that transfer to competition environments.
  • Questions focusing on “what if” scenarios engage athletes in anticipatory thinking, helping them prepare mental responses to various game situations before they occur in competition. This process enables athletes to develop multiple tactical options for different scenarios.
  • Questioning during coaching board demonstrations helps athletes visualise spatial relationships and movement options. Consequently, their tactical awareness and decision-making processes are enhanced through improved understanding of positioning and team dynamics.
  • By requiring athletes to verbalise their decision-making rationale, questioning reinforces neural pathways between perception and appropriate responses. Therefore, these connections are strengthened for future similar situations, improving reaction speed and accuracy.
  • Progressive questioning that increases in complexity as athletes develop competence builds decision-making capabilities in stages. In turn, athletes are gradually prepared for the complex, rapid decisions required in high-level competition through systematic skill development.
Show Worked Solution

Sample Answer 

  • Effective questioning encourages athletes to think critically about game situations rather than simply following instructions. As a result, independent decision-making capabilities are developed that transfer to competition environments.
  • Questions focusing on “what if” scenarios engage athletes in anticipatory thinking, helping them prepare mental responses to various game situations before they occur in competition. This process enables athletes to develop multiple tactical options for different scenarios.
  • Questioning during coaching board demonstrations helps athletes visualise spatial relationships and movement options. Consequently, their tactical awareness and decision-making processes are enhanced through improved understanding of positioning and team dynamics.
  • By requiring athletes to verbalise their decision-making rationale, questioning reinforces neural pathways between perception and appropriate responses. Therefore, these connections are strengthened for future similar situations, improving reaction speed and accuracy.
  • Progressive questioning that increases in complexity as athletes develop competence builds decision-making capabilities in stages. In turn, athletes are gradually prepared for the complex, rapid decisions required in high-level competition through systematic skill development.

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 589

Describe how a game-centered approach can improve decision-making skills for a netball player.   (3 marks)

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Sample Answer

  • A game-centered approach effectively places netball players in modified game situations requiring immediate tactical decisions under competition-like conditions, improving their ability to read play effectively.
  • Planned stoppages allow coaches to provide instant specific feedback on decision-making choices while the game context remains relevant and meaningful to players.
  • Players develop tactical understanding by actively learning to identify cues like defender positioning before choosing appropriate passes or movements, enhancing real-game decision-making capacity.

Show Worked Solution

Sample Answer 

  • A game-centered approach effectively places netball players in modified game situations requiring immediate tactical decisions under competition-like conditions, improving their ability to read play effectively.
  • Planned stoppages allow coaches to provide instant specific feedback on decision-making choices while the game context remains relevant and meaningful to players.
  • Players develop tactical understanding by actively learning to identify cues like defender positioning before choosing appropriate passes or movements, enhancing real-game decision-making capacity.

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 588 MC

A tennis player who can execute perfect serves during practice but frequently makes serving errors during competitive matches most likely needs to improve their:

  1. Physical conditioning
  2. Technical execution
  3. Knowledge of the rules
  4. Decision-making under pressure
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\(D\)

Show Worked Solution
  • D is correct: Performance pressure affects execution despite good technique

Other Options:

  • A is incorrect: Physical conditioning would affect practice too
  • B is incorrect: Technical execution is sound in practice
  • C is incorrect: Serving errors unlikely related to rules knowledge

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 585 MC

During training, a netball coach arranges players in groups of three with one defender in the middle trying to intercept passes between the other two players.

The primary purpose of this drill is to develop:

  1. Technical skill execution
  2. Physical endurance
  3. Decision-making skills
  4. Team coordination
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\(C\)

Show Worked Solution
  • C is correct: Drill requires decisions about pass selection and timing

Other Options:

  • A is incorrect: Primary focus is choosing passes, not execution
  • B is incorrect: Not primarily for physical endurance development
  • D is incorrect: Three players focuses on individual decisions not teams

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 584 MC

A basketball coach repeatedly stops play during a small-sided game to discuss with players their decision-making in specific situations.

Which approach to skill development is the coach primarily using?

  1. Whole-part-whole practice
  2. Game-centered approach
  3. Massed practice
  4. Blocked practice
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\(B\)

Show Worked Solution
  • B is correct: Game-centred approach develops decision-making in game situations

Other Options:

  • A is incorrect: Whole-part-whole breaks skills for practice then reassembles
  • C is incorrect: Massed practice is continuous with minimal breaks
  • D is incorrect: Blocked practice repeats one skill before moving on