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HMS, TIP EQ-Bank 089 MC

Which combination of biomechanical principles best explains efficient running technique for sustained movement?

  1. Relaxed shoulders and light foot landing
  2. Maximum force application and minimal arm movement
  3. Forward lean and tensed hands
  4. High knee lift and maximum ground contact time
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\(A\)

Show Worked Solution
  • A is correct: Relaxed shoulders and light foot landing reduce muscle tension and impact forces, minimising energy expenditure and fatigue.

Other options:

  • A is incorrect: Maximum force application increases fatigue and energy cost, while minimal arm movement disrupts natural balance and momentum that aids efficient running.
  • C is incorrect: Forward lean compromises posture and breathing efficiency, while tensed hands create unnecessary muscle tension that spreads to arms and shoulders, increasing fatigue.
  • D is incorrect: High knee lift and maximum ground contact time both increase energy expenditure and reduce running economy, leading to faster fatigue during sustained movement.