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HMS, BM EQ-Bank 342

Describe how cardiac output changes during a moderate aerobic training session and explain its relationship to oxygen delivery to muscles.   (4 marks)

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Sample Answer

  • Cardiac output increases immediately from 5 L/min at rest to 15-20 L/min during moderate aerobic training.
  • Heart rate rises from 70 bpm to 120-150 bpm during exercise.
  • Stroke volume increases from 70 mL to 100-120 mL per beat.
  • This occurs because working muscles demand more oxygen for energy production.
  • The increased cardiac output enables greater oxygen delivery through increased blood flow.
  • Therefore, muscles receive sufficient oxygen to support aerobic ATP production, which allows sustained exercise performance.
Show Worked Solution

Sample Answer

  • Cardiac output increases immediately from 5 L/min at rest to 15-20 L/min during moderate aerobic training.
  • Heart rate rises from 70 bpm to 120-150 bpm during exercise.
  • Stroke volume increases from 70 mL to 100-120 mL per beat.
  • This occurs because working muscles demand more oxygen for energy production.
  • The increased cardiac output enables greater oxygen delivery through increased blood flow.
  • Therefore, muscles receive sufficient oxygen to support aerobic ATP production, which allows sustained exercise performance.