Explain how the biomechanical principle of force is applied in a sprint start, making reference to the interrelationship between muscles, bones, and joints. (4 marks)
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- In a sprint start, quadriceps and hamstrings contract forcefully. This occurs because muscles must overcome inertia.
- As a result, these muscles pull on femur and tibia bones. This causes powerful extension at hip and knee joints.
- Simultaneously, calf muscles contract to push through the ankle. This creates additional force against the blocks.
- Consequently, Newton’s Third Law applies. The blocks exert equal reaction force that propels the athlete forward.
- Arm muscles work together to drive shoulder rotation. This generates momentum because arms oppose leg movement.
- Throughout this process, core muscles stabilise the torso. This enables efficient force transfer between body segments.
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Sample Answer
- In a sprint start, quadriceps and hamstrings contract forcefully. This occurs because muscles must overcome inertia.
- As a result, these muscles pull on femur and tibia bones. This causes powerful extension at hip and knee joints.
- Simultaneously, calf muscles contract to push through the ankle. This creates additional force against the blocks.
- Consequently, Newton’s Third Law applies. The blocks exert equal reaction force that propels the athlete forward.
- Arm muscles work together to drive shoulder rotation. This generates momentum because arms oppose leg movement.
- Throughout this process, core muscles stabilise the torso. This enables efficient force transfer between body segments.