Explain how object characteristics affect the force required for movement. (5 marks)
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Sample Answer
- Greater object mass requires more force to achieve the same acceleration. This occurs because of Newton’s Second Law (F=ma), which means that force increases proportionally with mass.
- Larger objects typically need more force than smaller ones. The reason for this is increased mass combined with greater air resistance from larger surface area, resulting in higher force requirements.
- Object shape significantly influences aerodynamic properties during movement. As a result, streamlined objects require less force than irregular shapes because they experience reduced air resistance.
- Surface conditions of objects directly affect force requirements through altered friction. For instance, wet balls become heavier and create different friction characteristics, thereby requiring adjusted force application.
- Force must overcome both object inertia and environmental resistance. This happens when objects resist motion changes due to their mass, which leads to increased force needs for acceleration.
- Dense materials require more force than lighter materials of similar size. Consequently, achieving equivalent movement depends on material density, as denser objects have greater mass concentration.
Show Worked Solution
- Greater object mass requires more force to achieve the same acceleration. This occurs because of Newton’s Second Law (F=ma), which means that force increases proportionally with mass.
- Larger objects typically need more force than smaller ones. The reason for this is increased mass combined with greater air resistance from larger surface area, resulting in higher force requirements.
- Object shape significantly influences aerodynamic properties during movement. As a result, streamlined objects require less force than irregular shapes because they experience reduced air resistance.
- Surface conditions of objects directly affect force requirements through altered friction. For instance, wet balls become heavier and create different friction characteristics, thereby requiring adjusted force application.
- Force must overcome both object inertia and environmental resistance. This happens when objects resist motion changes due to their mass, which leads to increased force needs for acceleration.
- Dense materials require more force than lighter materials of similar size. Consequently, achieving equivalent movement depends on material density, as denser objects have greater mass concentration.