Describe the role of the major muscles in the lower leg during running. (4 marks)
--- 10 WORK AREA LINES (style=lined) ---
Show Answers Only
Sample Answer
Gastrocnemius:
- The large calf muscle provides powerful plantar flexion during the push-off phase.
- Contracts concentrically to propel the body forward and upward with each stride.
Soleus:
- Works with gastrocnemius for sustained plantar flexion throughout the stance phase.
- Provides endurance for prolonged running due to its predominantly slow-twitch fibre composition.
Tibialis anterior:
- Located on the shin, this muscle performs dorsiflexion during the swing phase.
- Lifts the toes to clear the ground and positions the foot for heel strike.
Peroneals:
- Stabilise the ankle laterally during ground contact.
- Prevent excessive inversion and maintain balance throughout the running gait cycle.
Show Worked Solution
Sample Answer
Gastrocnemius:
- The large calf muscle provides powerful plantar flexion during the push-off phase.
- Contracts concentrically to propel the body forward and upward with each stride.
Soleus:
- Works with gastrocnemius for sustained plantar flexion throughout the stance phase.
- Provides endurance for prolonged running due to its predominantly slow-twitch fibre composition.
Tibialis anterior:
- Located on the shin, this muscle performs dorsiflexion during the swing phase.
- Lifts the toes to clear the ground and positions the foot for heel strike.
Peroneals:
- Stabilise the ankle laterally during ground contact.
- Prevent excessive inversion and maintain balance throughout the running gait cycle.