Explain the role of agonist, antagonist, and stabiliser muscles during a push-up exercise. (4 marks)
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Sample Answer
- During push-ups, pectorals and triceps act as agonists throughout both phases. In the lowering phase, they contract eccentrically to control descent. As a result, the body lowers smoothly rather than dropping suddenly.
- During the pushing phase, these same muscles contract concentrically. This causes the arms to extend, pushing the body upward. Meanwhile, biceps function as antagonists, relaxing to allow elbow extension.
- Core muscles including rectus abdominis and erector spinae serve as stabilisers. These muscles maintain isometric contraction throughout the movement. Consequently, the body remains rigid from head to heels, preventing sagging.
- Therefore, coordinated muscle roles enable safe, effective push-ups through controlled movement and proper alignment.
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Sample Answer
- During push-ups, pectorals and triceps act as agonists throughout both phases. In the lowering phase, they contract eccentrically to control descent. As a result, the body lowers smoothly rather than dropping suddenly.
- During the pushing phase, these same muscles contract concentrically. This causes the arms to extend, pushing the body upward. Meanwhile, biceps function as antagonists, relaxing to allow elbow extension.
- Core muscles including rectus abdominis and erector spinae serve as stabilisers. These muscles maintain isometric contraction throughout the movement. Consequently, the body remains rigid from head to heels, preventing sagging.
- Therefore, coordinated muscle roles enable safe, effective push-ups through controlled movement and proper alignment.