Explain the interrelationship between the digestive and endocrine systems in converting food into energy for movement. (4 marks)
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- The digestive system breaks down food into nutrients through mechanical and chemical processes, while the endocrine system releases hormones that regulate digestive functions. This coordination enables efficient nutrient processing for energy production.
- Hormones from endocrine glands control digestive enzymes secreted by accessory organs (pancreas, liver). As a result, food breaks down into absorbable nutrients that can enter the bloodstreams.
- The pancreas functions as both a digestive organ and an endocrine gland. Therefore, it releases digestive enzymes while also secreting insulin and glucagon to regulate blood glucose levels.
- During movement, the endocrine system suppresses insulin and increases glucagon secretion. Consequently, working muscles receive adequate glucose for energy production by mobilising stored glycogen.
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Sample Answer
- The digestive system breaks down food into nutrients through mechanical and chemical processes, while the endocrine system releases hormones that regulate digestive functions. This coordination enables efficient nutrient processing for energy production.
- Hormones from endocrine glands control digestive enzymes secreted by accessory organs (pancreas, liver). As a result, food breaks down into absorbable nutrients that can enter the bloodstreams.
- The pancreas functions as both a digestive organ and an endocrine gland. Therefore, it releases digestive enzymes while also secreting insulin and glucagon to regulate blood glucose levels.
- During movement, the endocrine system suppresses insulin and increases glucagon secretion. Consequently, working muscles receive adequate glucose for energy production by mobilising stored glycogen.