Compare the role of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems in relation to sporting performance. (4 marks)
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Sample Answer
Similarities:
- Both are divisions of the autonomic nervous system controlling involuntary functions.
- Both regulate heart rate, breathing and energy metabolism during exercise.
- Both work automatically without conscious control.
Differences:
- Sympathetic system activates “fight or flight” response for intense activity; parasympathetic promotes “rest and digest” for recovery.
- Sympathetic increases heart rate, dilates airways and releases glucose; parasympathetic decreases heart rate and conserves energy.
- Sympathetic dominates during competition and training; parasympathetic dominates during rest periods.
- Sympathetic redirects blood to muscles; parasympathetic returns blood flow to digestive organs.
Show Worked Solution
Sample Answer
Similarities:
- Both are divisions of the autonomic nervous system controlling involuntary functions.
- Both regulate heart rate, breathing and energy metabolism during exercise.
- Both work automatically without conscious control.
Differences:
- Sympathetic system activates “fight or flight” response for intense activity; parasympathetic promotes “rest and digest” for recovery.
- Sympathetic increases heart rate, dilates airways and releases glucose; parasympathetic decreases heart rate and conserves energy.
- Sympathetic dominates during competition and training; parasympathetic dominates during rest periods.
- Sympathetic redirects blood to muscles; parasympathetic returns blood flow to digestive organs.