Describe how the structural differences between the hip joint and shoulder joint reflect their contrasting functional requirements in human movement. (3 marks)
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Sample Answer
Hip joint:
- Features a deep acetabulum (socket) that encloses most of the femoral head, with short, strong ligaments providing robust support. This stable structure reflects its primary function of weight-bearing during standing and locomotion.
Shoulder joint:
- Has a shallow glenoid cavity with loose joint capsule and longer ligaments. This flexible structure allows extensive multi-directional movement required for reaching, throwing, and overhead activities.
Structural Differences:
- These directly match functional needs: stability for weight-bearing (hip) versus mobility for upper limb activities (shoulder).
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Sample Answer
Hip joint:
- Features a deep acetabulum (socket) that encloses most of the femoral head, with short, strong ligaments providing robust support. This stable structure reflects its primary function of weight-bearing during standing and locomotion.
Shoulder joint:
- Has a shallow glenoid cavity with loose joint capsule and longer ligaments. This flexible structure allows extensive multi-directional movement required for reaching, throwing, and overhead activities.
Structural Differences:
- These directly match functional needs: stability for weight-bearing (hip) versus mobility for upper limb activities (shoulder).