Compare the immediate responses in stroke volume between a trained athlete and an untrained individual when both complete the same moderate-intensity aerobic exercise. (6 marks)
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Sample Answer
- Trained athletes have a higher resting stroke volume (approximately 70-90 mL) compared to untrained individuals (approximately 50-70 mL).
- During exercise, both show an increase in stroke volume, but the trained athlete’s stroke volume will increase to a higher maximum (120-160 mL vs 90-110 mL in untrained individuals).
- The trained athlete reaches a steady-state stroke volume more quickly due to more efficient cardiovascular adaptations.
- The trained athlete’s heart rate increases less for the same exercise intensity, as the higher stroke volume compensates.
- The trained athlete’s stroke volume decreases more slowly during recovery, showing better cardiovascular efficiency.
- These differences result in the trained athlete maintaining a more stable cardiac output with less cardiovascular stress.
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Sample Answer
- Trained athletes have a higher resting stroke volume (approximately 70-90 mL) compared to untrained individuals (approximately 50-70 mL).
- During exercise, both show an increase in stroke volume, but the trained athlete’s stroke volume will increase to a higher maximum (120-160 mL vs 90-110 mL in untrained individuals).
- The trained athlete reaches a steady-state stroke volume more quickly due to more efficient cardiovascular adaptations.
- The trained athlete’s heart rate increases less for the same exercise intensity, as the higher stroke volume compensates.
- The trained athlete’s stroke volume decreases more slowly during recovery, showing better cardiovascular efficiency.
- These differences result in the trained athlete maintaining a more stable cardiac output with less cardiovascular stress.