HMS, TIP 2017 HSC 24

Using examples, explain how specific vitamins and/or minerals affect athletic performance. (5 marks)

--- 15 WORK AREA LINES (style=lined) ---

Show Answers Only

Iron deficiency directly causes reduced oxygen transport capacity in athletes. This occurs because iron forms the core of haemoglobin molecules in red blood cells. When iron levels are low, this leads to decreased oxygen delivery to working muscles. For instance, when a distance runner develops iron deficiency anaemia, they experience premature fatigue. This happens because their muscles receive insufficient oxygen for aerobic energy production.
Calcium directly influences bone density and muscle contraction in athletic performance. This mineral works by strengthening bone structure and enabling proper muscle function. Low calcium levels trigger increased risk of stress fractures. A clear example is female gymnasts who consume inadequate calcium often develop bone injuries during training.
Vitamin D generates improved calcium absorption and muscle function in athletes. This vitamin functions through enhancing calcium uptake in the intestines. Deficiency consequently results in muscle weakness and increased injury risk. This can be seen when indoor athletes with limited sun exposure show reduced power output.

Show Worked Solution

Iron deficiency directly causes reduced oxygen transport capacity in athletes. This occurs because iron forms the core of haemoglobin molecules in red blood cells. When iron levels are low, this leads to decreased oxygen delivery to working muscles. For instance, when a distance runner develops iron deficiency anaemia, they experience premature fatigue. This happens because their muscles receive insufficient oxygen for aerobic energy production.
Calcium directly influences bone density and muscle contraction in athletic performance. This mineral works by strengthening bone structure and enabling proper muscle function. Low calcium levels trigger increased risk of stress fractures. A clear example is female gymnasts who consume inadequate calcium often develop bone injuries during training.
Vitamin D generates improved calcium absorption and muscle function in athletes. This vitamin functions through enhancing calcium uptake in the intestines. Deficiency consequently results in muscle weakness and increased injury risk. This can be seen when indoor athletes with limited sun exposure show reduced power output.

♦♦♦ Mean mark 40%.