Evaluate how vitamin D status affects the interrelationship between endocrine function and calcium absorption during resistance training. (8 marks)
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Sample Answer
The interrelationship manifests through multiple mechanisms:
Hormonal Effects:
- Parathyroid hormone increases calcium release from bones when blood levels are low
- Calcitonin prevents excessive calcium loss during intense training sessions
- Vitamin D is converted to its active form by liver and kidney enzymes
Digestive Impacts:
- Vitamin D enables calcium absorption in the small intestine through specific transport proteins
- Phosphate must be absorbed alongside calcium for effective bone mineralisation
- The intestine increases its absorption capacity in response to regular training
Training Implications:
- Adequate vitamin D ensures calcium is available for bone strengthening during resistance training
- Low vitamin D status impairs the strength of muscle contractions due to poor calcium regulation
- Post-exercise recovery requires sufficient calcium for muscle repair processes
System Integration:
- Calcium absorption cannot occur without proper hormone function
- Low calcium levels trigger increased hormone production to maintain blood calcium
- Both systems must work effectively to support training adaptations
Show Worked Solution
Sample Answer
The interrelationship manifests through multiple mechanisms:
Hormonal Effects:
- Parathyroid hormone increases calcium release from bones when blood levels are low
- Calcitonin prevents excessive calcium loss during intense training sessions
- Vitamin D is converted to its active form by liver and kidney enzymes
Digestive Impacts:
- Vitamin D enables calcium absorption in the small intestine through specific transport proteins
- Phosphate must be absorbed alongside calcium for effective bone mineralisation
- The intestine increases its absorption capacity in response to regular training
Training Implications:
- Adequate vitamin D ensures calcium is available for bone strengthening during resistance training
- Low vitamin D status impairs the strength of muscle contractions due to poor calcium regulation
- Post-exercise recovery requires sufficient calcium for muscle repair processes
System Integration:
- Calcium absorption cannot occur without proper hormone function
- Low calcium levels trigger increased hormone production to maintain blood calcium
- Both systems must work effectively to support training adaptations