HMS, BM 2016 HSC 24

Outline the stages of skill acquisition. (3 marks)

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Outline, using specific examples, the types of feedback that are appropriate at each stage of skill acquisition. (4 marks)

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a. Stages of skill acquisition

Cognitive stage involves beginners learning basic movement patterns with frequent errors and slow performance. Learners require significant mental concentration to understand fundamental skill requirements and movement sequences.
Associative stage features improved skill consistency with fewer errors and increased movement fluency. Learners can identify some mistakes and make basic corrections to their technique during practice sessions.
Autonomous stage demonstrates automatic skill execution with minimal conscious thought and very few errors. Learners perform skills fluently whilst focusing attention on tactical and strategic performance elements.

b. Types of feedback

Cognitive stage requires external and knowledge of performance feedback to correct major technique errors. For example, a swimming coach provides verbal instructions about arm positioning during freestyle stroke practice sessions.
Associative stage benefits from delayed and knowledge of performance feedback allowing self-correction development. For example, a tennis player watches video footage after practice to analyse their serve technique and identify improvement areas.
Autonomous stage utilises internal and concurrent feedback for fine-tuning performance during skill execution. For example, an experienced basketball player feels their shooting motion and adjusts follow-through based on immediate sensory information.

Show Worked Solution

a. Stages of skill acquisition

Cognitive stage involves beginners learning basic movement patterns with frequent errors and slow performance. Learners require significant mental concentration to understand fundamental skill requirements and movement sequences.
Associative stage features improved skill consistency with fewer errors and increased movement fluency. Learners can identify some mistakes and make basic corrections to their technique during practice sessions.
Autonomous stage demonstrates automatic skill execution with minimal conscious thought and very few errors. Learners perform skills fluently whilst focusing attention on tactical and strategic performance elements.

b. Types of feedback

Cognitive stage requires external and knowledge of performance feedback to correct major technique errors. For example, a swimming coach provides verbal instructions about arm positioning during freestyle stroke practice sessions.
Associative stage benefits from delayed and knowledge of performance feedback allowing self-correction development. For example, a tennis player watches video footage after practice to analyse their serve technique and identify improvement areas.
Autonomous stage utilises internal and concurrent feedback for fine-tuning performance during skill execution. For example, an experienced basketball player feels their shooting motion and adjusts follow-through based on immediate sensory information.