HMS, BM EQ-Bank 343

Sample Answer

Steady-state aerobic training (e.g., jogging):

• Cardiac output increases gradually to a sustainable level
• Heart rate increases to approximately 130-150 bpm
• Stroke volume increases and stabilises
• Cardiac output might increase from resting 5 L/min to 15-20 L/min
• Maintains relatively constant levels once steady state is achieved

High-intensity interval training (e.g., sprint intervals):

• Cardiac output increases rapidly during work intervals
• Heart rate increases quickly to near maximum (160-180 bpm)
• Stroke volume initially increases but may fluctuate during intense work periods
• During recovery intervals, cardiac output decreases but remains above resting levels
• Cardiac output fluctuates significantly between work and recovery periods

Conclusion

• Both training methods increase cardiac output above resting levels, but high-intensity training creates greater and more variable cardiac output responses