Explain how immediate cardiac responses differ between resistance training and endurance training. (6 marks)
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Heart rate response:
- Endurance training increases heart rate to a steady elevated level. This occurs because continuous oxygen demand requires sustained cardiac work.
- Resistance training causes heart rate spikes during sets. This happens due to intense muscular effort followed by recovery periods between set.
Stroke volume changes:
- Endurance training produces sustained stroke volume increases throughout the session. As a result, consistent oxygen delivery supports continuous muscle activity.
- Resistance training creates temporary stroke volume increases during lifting. This is because muscle contractions affect venous return intermittently.
Blood pressure:
- Resistance training causes greater blood pressure increases than endurance training. This occurs when muscles contract forcefully and compress blood vessels during lifting phases.
Cardiac output patterns:
- Resistance training produces varying cardiac output with peaks and valleys. Therefore, oxygen delivery fluctuates between work and rest intervals.
- Endurance training maintains elevated cardiac output consistently. This enables steady oxygen supply for sustained aerobic metabolism.
Venous return:
- Resistance training may temporarily restrict blood flow. This happens because intense muscle contractions compress veins during lifting.
- Endurance training promotes continuous venous return. Consequently, rhythmic muscle contractions assist blood flow back to the heart.
Recovery between efforts:
- Resistance training allows partial cardiac recovery between sets. This results in decreased heart rate and blood pressure during rest intervals.
- Endurance training requires continuous cardiac work. Therefore, minimal recovery occurs during the activity.
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Sample Answer
Heart rate response:
- Endurance training increases heart rate to a steady elevated level. This occurs because continuous oxygen demand requires sustained cardiac work.
- Resistance training causes heart rate spikes during sets. This happens due to intense muscular effort followed by recovery periods between set.
Stroke volume changes:
- Endurance training produces sustained stroke volume increases throughout the session. As a result, consistent oxygen delivery supports continuous muscle activity.
- Resistance training creates temporary stroke volume increases during lifting. This is because muscle contractions affect venous return intermittently.
Blood pressure:
- Resistance training causes greater blood pressure increases than endurance training. This occurs when muscles contract forcefully and compress blood vessels during lifting phases.
Cardiac output patterns:
- Resistance training produces varying cardiac output with peaks and valleys. Therefore, oxygen delivery fluctuates between work and rest intervals.
- Endurance training maintains elevated cardiac output consistently. This enables steady oxygen supply for sustained aerobic metabolism.
Venous return:
- Resistance training may temporarily restrict blood flow. This happens because intense muscle contractions compress veins during lifting.
- Endurance training promotes continuous venous return. Consequently, rhythmic muscle contractions assist blood flow back to the heart.
Recovery between efforts:
- Resistance training allows partial cardiac recovery between sets. This results in decreased heart rate and blood pressure during rest intervals.
- Endurance training requires continuous cardiac work. Therefore, minimal recovery occurs during the activity.