Compare the immediate responses in stroke volume between a trained athlete and an untrained individual when both complete the same moderate-intensity aerobic exercise. (6 marks)
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Sample Answer
Similarities:
- Both trained and untrained individuals show immediate stroke volume increases when exercise begins.
- Each person reaches peak stroke volume at moderate intensity levels.
- Stroke volume plateaus in all exercisers as intensity increases further.
- Recovery patterns show gradual decreases regardless of fitness level.
- Both groups rely on stroke volume increases to support oxygen delivery initially.
Differences:
- Trained individuals have substantially higher resting stroke volume. Untrained individuals start from a lower baseline value.
- Athletes achieve much greater maximum stroke volume during exercise. Untrained participants reach considerably lower peak values.
- Conditioned exercisers reach steady-state stroke volume more quickly. Enhanced cardiac efficiency allows faster stabilisation.
- Experienced athletes maintain higher stroke volume with less heart rate compensation. Untrained individuals rely more heavily on heart rate increases.
- Recovery shows distinct patterns between groups. Trained participants demonstrate slower stroke volume decline post-exercise.
- The magnitude of increase differs significantly. Athletic individuals show much larger percentage increases from rest to exercise.
- Trained athletes sustain elevated stroke volume for longer periods. Untrained individuals experience earlier decline during prolonged exercise.
Conclusion:
- These differences enable trained athletes to maintain efficient cardiac output. Less cardiovascular stress occurs during identical moderate-intensity exercise.
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Sample Answer
Similarities:
- Both trained and untrained individuals show immediate stroke volume increases when exercise begins.
- Each person reaches peak stroke volume at moderate intensity levels.
- Stroke volume plateaus in all exercisers as intensity increases further.
- Recovery patterns show gradual decreases regardless of fitness level.
- Both groups rely on stroke volume increases to support oxygen delivery initially.
Differences:
- Trained individuals have substantially higher resting stroke volume. Untrained individuals start from a lower baseline value.
- Athletes achieve much greater maximum stroke volume during exercise. Untrained participants reach considerably lower peak values.
- Conditioned exercisers reach steady-state stroke volume more quickly. Enhanced cardiac efficiency allows faster stabilisation.
- Experienced athletes maintain higher stroke volume with less heart rate compensation. Untrained individuals rely more heavily on heart rate increases.
- Recovery shows distinct patterns between groups. Trained participants demonstrate slower stroke volume decline post-exercise.
- The magnitude of increase differs significantly. Athletic individuals show much larger percentage increases from rest to exercise.
- Trained athletes sustain elevated stroke volume for longer periods. Untrained individuals experience earlier decline during prolonged exercise.
Conclusion:
- These differences enable trained athletes to maintain efficient cardiac output. Less cardiovascular stress occurs during identical moderate-intensity exercise.