Describe how biomechanical principles can be applied to enhance safety when lifting a heavy object from the ground. (5 marks)
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Sample Answer
- Base of support – Position feet shoulder-width apart with one foot slightly forward. This wide stance provides stability and allows controlled weight shift during lifting.
- Centre of gravity – Keep the object close to your body throughout the lift. This reduces the lever arm and minimises strain on the spine.
- Force distribution – Bend at knees and hips rather than the waist. This engages powerful leg muscles (quadriceps, hamstrings, gluteals) instead of weaker back muscles.
- Spinal alignment – Maintain a neutral spine by engaging core muscles. Straight back posture distributes forces evenly along vertebrae, preventing disc damage.
- Movement control – Avoid twisting while lifting by pivoting with feet. Rotational forces combined with compression can damage ligaments and intervertebral discs.
- Muscle activation – Contract abdominal muscles before lifting. This creates internal pressure that supports the spine like a natural weight belt.
- Breathing technique – Exhale during the lifting phase. This maintains core stability while preventing dangerous blood pressure spikes.
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Sample Answer
- Base of support – Position feet shoulder-width apart with one foot slightly forward. This wide stance provides stability and allows controlled weight shift during lifting.
- Centre of gravity – Keep the object close to your body throughout the lift. This reduces the lever arm and minimises strain on the spine.
- Force distribution – Bend at knees and hips rather than the waist. This engages powerful leg muscles (quadriceps, hamstrings, gluteals) instead of weaker back muscles.
- Spinal alignment – Maintain a neutral spine by engaging core muscles. Straight back posture distributes forces evenly along vertebrae, preventing disc damage.
- Movement control – Avoid twisting while lifting by pivoting with feet. Rotational forces combined with compression can damage ligaments and intervertebral discs.
- Muscle activation – Contract abdominal muscles before lifting. This creates internal pressure that supports the spine like a natural weight belt.
- Breathing technique – Exhale during the lifting phase. This maintains core stability while preventing dangerous blood pressure spikes.