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Carbon exhibits allotropy, meaning it can exist in different forms with distinct physical properties.
Describe two carbon allotropes, graphite and diamond, and explain how their structural differences result in their distinct physical properties. (4 marks)
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Graphite:
→ Graphite consists of layers of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice.
→ Each carbon atom is bonded to three others in the same plane, with delocalized electrons between layers.
→ The weak intermolecular forces between these layers allow them to slide over each other easily, contributing to graphite’s softness and its use as a lubricant.
Diamond:
→ In contrast, diamond features a three-dimensional lattice where each carbon atom forms four strong covalent bonds with other carbon atoms, arranged in a tetrahedral structure.
→ This extensive network of strong bonds throughout the lattice makes diamond one of the hardest natural substances, leading to its use in cutting and drilling tools.
Graphite:
→ Graphite consists of layers of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice.
→ Each carbon atom is bonded to three others in the same plane, with delocalized electrons between layers.
→ The weak intermolecular forces between these layers allow them to slide over each other easily, contributing to graphite’s softness and its use as a lubricant.
Diamond:
→ In contrast, diamond features a three-dimensional lattice where each carbon atom forms four strong covalent bonds with other carbon atoms, arranged in a tetrahedral structure.
→ This extensive network of strong bonds throughout the lattice makes diamond one of the hardest natural substances, leading to its use in cutting and drilling tools.
Which term describes the relationship between oxygen and ozone?
`A`
→ Allotropes are different forms of the same element as a result of different structures and bonding.
→ As both oxygen and ozone are made up of only oxygen atoms, they are called allotropes.
`=>A`