→ A ferromagnetic material contains many free electrons due to its metallic bonding.

→ Each electron has its own magnetic domain but due to the electrons spinning in opposite directions, the domains cancel each other out.

→ Using a bar magnet, stroke the ferromagnetic material in one direction.

→ This causes the electrons to spin in the same direction, hence all of their domains line up.

→ The cumulative effect of all the small magnetic domains creates a large magnetic field, turning the ferromagnetic material into a magnet.

Answers could include three of the following properties:

→ They have a north and a south pole.

→ The magnetic field lines run from north to south.

→ The magnetic field lines leave and enter the magnet at right angles to the surface.

→ They are permanent magnets.

→ Like poles repel and opposite poles attract.