Select two human organs and explain any alterations in blood composition as it passes through each organ. (4 marks)
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Answers could include two of the following.
Lungs:
- As blood passes through the lungs, deoxygenated blood becomes oxygenated.
- Carbon dioxide is also removed from the blood and exhaled.
Kidneys:
- In the kidneys, blood is filtered to remove waste products like urea, excess salts, and water, which are excreted as urine.
- The blood leaving the kidneys has a reduced concentration of these waste products, and its composition is more balanced in terms of water and electrolyte levels.
Liver:
- The liver modifies the blood by metabolising nutrients, detoxifying harmful substances, and storing or releasing glucose as needed.
- Blood exiting the liver has a regulated concentration of glucose and may have reduced levels of toxins, as the liver converts harmful compounds into safer by-products for excretion.
Show Worked Solution
Answers could include two of the following.
Lungs:
- As blood passes through the lungs, deoxygenated blood becomes oxygenated.
- Carbon dioxide is also removed from the blood and exhaled.
Kidneys:
- In the kidneys, blood is filtered to remove waste products like urea, excess salts, and water, which are excreted as urine.
- The blood leaving the kidneys has a reduced concentration of these waste products, and its composition is more balanced in terms of water and electrolyte levels.
Liver:
- The liver modifies the blood by metabolising nutrients, detoxifying harmful substances, and storing or releasing glucose as needed.
- Blood exiting the liver has a regulated concentration of glucose and may have reduced levels of toxins, as the liver converts harmful compounds into safer by-products for excretion.