Which ecosystems are most intensively monitored, and why is this monitoring crucial? (3 marks)
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Which ecosystems are most intensively monitored, and why is this monitoring crucial? (3 marks)
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→ Monitoring is essential in any action plan to preserve biodiversity. It provides information to management plans so that informed decisions can be made.
→ While it would be ideal and beneficial if every species could be monitored adequate funding and available time prevent this, so monitoring programs tend to focus on species or ecosystems which are threatened or provide economic value.
→ Monitoring is essential in any action plan to preserve biodiversity. It provides information to management plans so that informed decisions can be made.
→ While it would be ideal and beneficial if every species could be monitored adequate funding and available time prevent this, so monitoring programs tend to focus on species or ecosystems which are threatened or provide economic value.
Outline the benefits of maintaining biodiversity. (4 marks)
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→ Making the effort to maintain biodiversity possesses a range of benefits to both the ecosystem and us.
→ One such benefit is the economic value we gain from ecosystems and the bio-resources we are able to obtain from them. Maintaining biodiversity helps sustain the economic gain from various organisms such as food, timber, fibres and medicines.
→ Rich biodiversity and a healthy ecosystem also indirectly benefit many other natural processes attributing to core societal practices, such as pollination and maintaining healthy and clean soil/water.
→ Maintaining biodiversity is also integral to preserving wild life and ecosystems. By disrupting ecosystems, food webs and chains can be affected, causing drastic changes in populations and even extinction. Preserving ecosystems through maintaining biodiversity helps maintain aesthetic value for curretn and future generations.
→ Making the effort to maintain biodiversity possesses a range of benefits to both the ecosystem and us.
→ One such benefit is the economic value we gain from ecosystems and the bio-resources we are able to obtain from them. Maintaining biodiversity helps sustain the economic gain from various organisms such as food, timber, fibres and medicines.
→ Rich biodiversity and a healthy ecosystem also indirectly benefit many other natural processes attributing to core societal practices, such as pollination and maintaining healthy and clean soil/water.
→ Maintaining biodiversity is also integral to preserving wild life and ecosystems. By disrupting ecosystems, food webs and chains can be affected, causing drastic changes in populations and even extinction. Preserving ecosystems through maintaining biodiversity helps maintain aesthetic value for curretn and future generations.
Demonstrate how applications of the Human Genome Project could affect future trends in human biological evolution. (4 marks)
→ The Human Genome Project has succeeded in mapping genes and identifying base sequences of the entire genome.
→ Precise locations of disease-causing genes have been discovered, as well as their specific base sequences.
→ Genetic screening allows people to find out whether they hold defective genes. This can show whether themselves, their family or potentially future children are at risk of a genetic disease even before symptoms appear.
→ Modification of lifestyle could help to prolong life and increase the chances of the individual producing offspring. This could increase the frequency of the defective gene in the population.
→ Pharmaceuticals can be designed to prevent expression of defective DNA using base sequence recognition chemistry.
→ This would mean that holders of a defective gene would not experience a defective genotype and might live longer lives, causing the defective gene to become more common in the humans species as a consequence.
→ CRISPR is an emerging gene-editing technology that can be used to modify, delete or correct precise regions of our DNA. Its use on humans is currently very limited but its potential is promising for treatment of genetic diseases.
→ While somatic gene editing by CRISPR affects only the patient being treated, germ-line editing affects all cells in an organism, including eggs and sperm. This means that future generations who would normally be affected by the genetic disease in question would be unaffected as the defective gene would not be part of their genotype.
→ The Human Genome Project has succeeded in mapping genes and identifying base sequences of the entire genome.
→ Precise locations of disease-causing genes have been discovered, as well as their specific base sequences.
→ Genetic screening allows people to find out whether they hold defective genes. This can show whether themselves, their family or potentially future children are at risk of a genetic disease even before symptoms appear.
→ Modification of lifestyle could help to prolong life and increase the chances of the individual producing offspring. This could increase the frequency of the defective gene in the population.
→ Pharmaceuticals can be designed to prevent expression of defective DNA using base sequence recognition chemistry.
→ This would mean that holders of a defective gene would not experience a defective genotype and might live longer lives, causing the defective gene to become more common in the humans species as a consequence.
→ CRISPR is an emerging gene-editing technology that can be used to modify, delete or correct precise regions of our DNA. Its use on humans is currently very limited but its potential is promising for treatment of genetic diseases.
→ While somatic gene editing by CRISPR affects only the patient being treated, germ-line editing affects all cells in an organism, including eggs and sperm. This means that future generations who would normally be affected by the genetic disease in question would be unaffected as the defective gene would not be part of their genotype.