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HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 84 MC

A mental health campaign emphasises individual resilience through positive messaging: "Find your strength" rather than "Fight depression." The campaign focuses on developing coping skills and encourages activities that bring joy and meaning.

This approach best reflects which health model?

  1. Biomedical model
  2. Ecological model
  3. Sociocultural model
  4. Salutogenic model
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\(D\)

Show Worked Solution
  • D is correct as the salutogenic model focuses on factors that promote wellbeing rather than on disease. It emphasises strengths, coping resources, and positive aspects of health maintenance.

Other options:

  • A is incorrect because the biomedical model would focus on the diagnosis and treatment of depression as a medical condition.
  • B is incorrect as the ecological model would emphasise multiple levels of influence (individual, relationship, community, society) rather than primarily focusing on individual strengths and coping.
  • C is incorrect because while the sociocultural model considers broader influences on health, this campaign primarily reflects positive health factors rather than social and cultural determinants.

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 83 MC

A local government initiative includes installing air quality monitoring stations throughout the community and advocating for stricter emissions standards for nearby factories.

This approach best represents which health model?

  1. Ecological model
  2. Biomedical model
  3. Salutogenic model
  4. Sociocultural model
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\(A\)

Show Worked Solution
  • A is correct as the ecological model addresses multiple levels of influence on health – relationships (school-based programs) and societal (emissions standards).

Other options:

  • B is incorrect because the biomedical model focuses primarily on biological aspects of disease and treatment rather than this initiative’s environmental and social approach.
  • C is incorrect as while the salutogenic model focuses on factors maintaining wellness, it doesn’t specifically emphasise the multi-level systemic approach evident in this initiative.
  • D is incorrect because this initiative more strongly demonstrates the ecological model’s focus on interactions between an individual and multiple levels of environmental influence.

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 099

Describe how a paramedic working in both city and rural Australian communities, might observe the principles of the ecological model of health through their daily experiences.   (5 marks)

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  • At the individual level, the paramedic would notice how personal factors like genetics, health literacy, and behaviours influence health emergencies differently.
  • For example, paramedics are likely to see more stress-induced incidents, like heart attacks, in the cities and a higher percentage of physical injuries in the country.
  • The relationship level would be evident as the paramedic observes how family support structures influence recovery. Tight-knit rural communities are more likely to provide stronger social support networks compared to potentially isolated urban dwellers.
  • At the community level, the paramedic would recognise how local environments affect health access and outcomes. For example, rural communities face longer emergency response times and limited specialist care.
  • The societal level can be seen through the paramedic’s observations of how broader policies affect healthcare equity. Medicare funding distributions, telehealth availability and cultural attitudes to health all differ significantly across the country.
Show Worked Solution
  • At the individual level, the paramedic would notice how personal factors like genetics, health literacy, and behaviours influence health emergencies differently.
  • For example, paramedics are likely to see more stress-induced incidents, like heart attacks, in the cities and a higher percentage of physical injuries in the country.
  • The relationship level would be evident as the paramedic observes how family support structures influence recovery. Tight-knit rural communities are more likely to provide stronger social support networks compared to potentially isolated urban dwellers.
  • At the community level, the paramedic would recognise how local environments affect health access and outcomes. For example, rural communities face longer emergency response times and limited specialist care.
  • The societal level can be seen through the paramedic’s observations of how broader policies affect healthcare equity. Medicare funding distributions, telehealth availability and cultural attitudes to health all differ significantly across the country.

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 098

Describe how the ecological model of health can be applied to improve the wellbeing of young people in Australian schools.   (4 marks)

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  • The ecological model addresses multiple levels of influence, starting with individual factors where schools could provide personalised health education to help students make informed health choices.
  • At the relationship level, schools could implement peer support programs and strengthen teacher-student connections to create positive social influences that promote healthy behaviours.
  • The community level involves creating supportive school environments with healthy food options, quality physical education facilities, and mental health resources that make healthier choices more accessible.
  • At the societal level, schools can challenge unhealthy cultural norms through policies that promote inclusivity, reduce stigma around mental health, and recognise cultural health practices.
Show Worked Solution
  • The ecological model addresses multiple levels of influence, starting with individual factors where schools could provide personalised health education to help students make informed health choices.
  • At the relationship level, schools could implement peer support programs and strengthen teacher-student connections to create positive social influences that promote healthy behaviours.
  • The community level involves creating supportive school environments with healthy food options, quality physical education facilities, and mental health resources that make healthier choices more accessible.
  • At the societal level, schools can challenge unhealthy cultural norms through policies that promote inclusivity, reduce stigma around mental health, and recognise cultural health practices.

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 075 MC

Which of the following best describes how the Maranguka Justice Reinvestment program in Bourke, NSW, exemplifies an ecological model of health?

  1. It focuses exclusively on individual responsibility for criminal behaviour.
  2. It prioritises medical treatment for offenders with mental health issues.
  3. It emphasises the importance of traditional healing practices for Indigenous offenders.
  4. It addresses multiple levels of influence including individual, relationship and societal factors.
Show Answers Only

\(D\)

Show Worked Solution
  • D is correct as the sociocultural model addresses broader social and cultural influences on health, recognising the unique cultural contexts and needs of Indigenous communities during the pandemic.

Other options:

  • A is incorrect because the biomedical model would focus primarily on medical treatment and the physical aspects of COVID-19.
  • B is incorrect as while the ecological model considers multiple levels of influence, this initiative specifically centred on cultural responsiveness rather than ecological factors.
  • D is incorrect since the salutogenic model focuses on maintaining wellness despite illness rather than cultural appropriateness of health responses.