Mechanisms of reproduction for both humans and generalised fungi are shown in the diagrams. Describe the similarities and differences of reproduction in humans and generalised fungi. (4 marks)
BIOLOGY, M5 EQ-Bank 22
- The following data shows the average amount of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) produced by pregnant women.
\begin{array}{|c|c|}
\hline \rule{0pt}{2.5ex}\text {Weeks of pregnancy} \rule[-1ex]{0pt}{0pt} & h C G\,\text{(ng/mL)} \\
\hline \rule{0pt}{2.5ex}0 \rule[-1ex]{0pt}{0pt}& 0 \\
\hline \rule{0pt}{2.5ex}4 \rule[-1ex]{0pt}{0pt}& 85 \\
\hline \rule{0pt}{2.5ex}8 \rule[-1ex]{0pt}{0pt}& 185 \\
\hline \rule{0pt}{2.5ex}12 \rule[-1ex]{0pt}{0pt}& 185 \\
\hline \rule{0pt}{2.5ex}16 \rule[-1ex]{0pt}{0pt}& 80 \\
\hline \rule{0pt}{2.5ex}20 \rule[-1ex]{0pt}{0pt}& 65 \\
\hline \rule{0pt}{2.5ex}24 \rule[-1ex]{0pt}{0pt}& 60 \\
\hline \rule{0pt}{2.5ex}28 \rule[-1ex]{0pt}{0pt}& 65 \\
\hline \rule{0pt}{2.5ex}32 \rule[-1ex]{0pt}{0pt}& 75 \\
\hline \rule{0pt}{2.5ex}36 \rule[-1ex]{0pt}{0pt}& 65 \\
\hline \rule{0pt}{2.5ex}40 \rule[-1ex]{0pt}{0pt}& 35 \\
\hline
\end{array}
Use the information provided to graph the levels of hCG in a normal pregnancy. (3 marks)
- Describe the role and changes in levels of a hormone in pregnancy. (3 marks)
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Show Answers Only
a. Levels of hCG in a normal pregnancy
b. The role and changes in levels of hormones in pregnancy.
- Progesterone is a sex hormone which is initially secreted by the corpus leuteum after ovulation to thicken the endometrium for implantation.
- Once the placenta has developed, it then increases the progesterone levels which maintain the pregnancy.
- Progesterone levels eventually drop in the last stage of pregnancy to facilitate delivery.
Answers could also include information about other hormones including:
- Oestrogen
- hCG
Show Worked Solution
a. Levels of hCG in a normal pregnancy
b. The role and changes in levels of hormones in pregnancy.
- Progesterone is a sex hormone which is initially secreted by the corpus leuteum after ovulation to thicken the endometrium for implantation.
- Once the placenta has developed, it then increases the progesterone levels which maintain the pregnancy.
- Progesterone levels eventually drop in the last stage of pregnancy to facilitate delivery.
Answers could also include information about other hormones including:
- Oestrogen
- hCG
BIOLOGY, M5 2019 HSC 18 MC
The diagram shows the effect of the hormone oxytocin on the uterus during the birth of a mammal.
Which of the following best identifies and explains the feedback loop demonstrated in the diagram?
\begin{align*}
\begin{array}{l}
\ & \\
\rule{0pt}{3.5 ex}\textbf{A.}\\
\\
\textbf{B.}\\
\\
\textbf{C.}\\
\\
\textbf{D.}\\
\\
\end{array}
\begin{array}{|l|l|}
\hline
\rule{0pt}{2.5ex}\textit{Feedback loop} \rule[-1ex]{0pt}{0pt} & \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \textit{Explanation} \\
\hline
\text{Negative} & \text{The production of oxytocin results in the production of more} \\
\text{} & \text{oxytocin.} \\
\hline
\text{Positive} & \text{The production of oxytocin results in the production of more} \\
\text{} & \text{oxytocin.} \\
\hline
\text{Negative} & \text{The production of oxytocin results in the detection of the} \\
\text{} & \text{contraction by receptors in the cervix.} \\
\hline
\text{Positive} & \text{The production of oxytocin results in the detection of the} \\
\text{} & \text{contraction by receptors in the cervix.} \\
\hline
\end{array}
\end{align*}
BIOLOGY, M5 2022 HSC 6 MC
A diagram of the human female reproductive system is shown.
Where does implantation normally occur?
- `W`
- `X`
- `Y`
- `Z`
BIOLOGY, M5 2020 HSC 25
Students tested the hypothesis that the number of eggs/young produced was greater in animals using external fertilisation than those using internal fertilisation. They obtained the following data from secondary sources.
- What conclusion can be drawn from the data? Justify your answer. (3 marks)
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- Justify an improvement to the students' experimental design to test the same hypothesis. (2 marks)
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- Explain ONE advantage for animals of using external fertilisation. (2 marks)
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BIOLOGY, M5 2020 HSC 3 MC
The following four events occur during reproduction in a placental mammal.
- Fertilisation
- Implantation
- Ovulation
- Placental formation
In which order do these events occur?
- 2, 1, 3, 4
- 2, 4, 1, 3
- 3, 1, 2, 4
- 3, 2, 4, 1
BIOLOGY, M5 2021 HSC 23
Ovulation in women is associated with a rapid increase in luteinising hormone (LH). Test strips can be used to detect high levels of LH in urine. Once a test strip is used, a control line should appear and the presence of a test line indicates high levels of LH in urine. The image below represents four different results that were obtained.
Which of the results indicates a valid test which shows that ovulation is NOT occurring? Justify your answer. (3 marks)
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BIOLOGY, M5 2021 HSC 12 MC
The graph shows the levels of three hormones, oestrogen, progesterone and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG), measured in the blood of a woman during her pregnancy.
Which statement can be inferred from the graph?
- Birth occurred about week 36.
- Fertilisation occurred at day 0.
- Implantation occurred about week 4.
- The placenta was formed about week 24.
BIOLOGY, M5 2021 HSC 2 MC
Which of the following photographs shows an example of sexual reproduction?
