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BIOLOGY, M5 EQ-Bank 21

There are some significant differences in the form that DNA has in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

In the space provided draw a labelled diagram demonstrating the difference in the form of DNA between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.   (3 marks)
 

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Points to note on images:

→ Prokaryotic DNA is in the form of a loop

→ Eukaryotic DNA has two loose ends and is tightly coiled in the body

BIOLOGY, M5 2022 HSC 28c

Outline the ways in which the DNA of prokaryotes and eukaryotes differ.   (3 marks)

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→ DNA of Prokaryotes is found in loops whereas the DNA of Eukaryotes is linear.

→ DNA of Prokaryotes is found in the nucleoid region whereas the DNA of Eukaryotes is found as multiple chromosomes in the nucleus (membrane).

→ Prokaryotes have extra “non-nucleoid” DNA in form of plasmids, non-coding fragments found within the cytoplasm, whereas Eukaryotes have non-nuclear DNA within mitochondria (animals) or chloroplasts (plants).

→ Prokaryotes contain nucleoid associated proteins which make DNA form looped structures, while Eukaryotic DNA contains histones, proteins which DNA can wrap around to condense into chromatin and chromosomes.

→ Eukaryotes have Introns, sections of DNA which are non-coding for polypeptides, where Prokaryotic DNA does not contain any non-coding regions.

Show Worked Solution

→ DNA of Prokaryotes is found in loops whereas the DNA of Eukaryotes is linear.

→ DNA of Prokaryotes is found in the nucleoid region whereas the DNA of Eukaryotes is found as multiple chromosomes in the nucleus (membrane).

→ Prokaryotes have extra “non-nucleoid” DNA in form of plasmids, non-coding fragments found within the cytoplasm, whereas Eukaryotes have non-nuclear DNA within mitochondria (animals) or chloroplasts (plants).

→ Prokaryotes contain nucleoid associated proteins which make DNA form looped structures, while Eukaryotic DNA contains histones, proteins which DNA can wrap around to condense into chromatin and chromosomes.

→ Eukaryotes have Introns, sections of DNA which are non-coding for polypeptides, where Prokaryotic DNA does not contain any non-coding regions.


♦♦♦ Mean mark 24%.