A condensation reaction involving 200 glucose molecules, \(\ce{C6H12O6}\), results in a polysaccharide. The molar mass, in g mol\(^{-1}\), of the polysaccharide is
- 36 000
- 35 982
- 32 418
- 32 400
CHEMISTRY, M7 EQ-Bank 27
Contrast ONE addition polymer and ONE condensation polymer in terms of their structures, properties and uses. Include structural formulae in your answers. (7 marks)
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Addition polymer – polyethylene. Condensation polymer – nylon.
Structures
→ Polyethylene is made by the addition of ethylene monomers with the following structural formula:
→ Nylon is a condensation polymer made from 1,6-diaminohexane and adipic acid, producing a by-product of water molecules. It has the following structural formula.
Properties
→ Polyethylene is inexpensive, weatherproof and relatively resistant to chemicals.
→ There are two main types of polyethylene which have different properties. Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) is semi-rigid while high density polyethylene (HDPE) is fluid.
→ Nylon is strong and relatively resistant to moisture absorptivity. It is longer lasting than polyethylene, resistant to chemicals and is used to make nylon fibre.
Applications
→ LDPE is used to produce products such as plastic soft drink bottles, flexible water pipes and cling wrap. HDPE’s fluidity make it an appropriate material for producing shopping bags, plastic crates and drums for storage.
→ Nylon is very versatile in its manufacturing uses. It is a common input for clothing, can be used for injection-moulded parts for vehicles and also as reinforcement for rubber tyres.
→ Nylon is also used as the main material input for nylon thread which has a myriad of uses, including stitching for clothes and the production of rope.
Show Worked Solution
Addition polymer – polyethylene. Condensation polymer – nylon.
Structures
→ Polyethylene is made by the addition of ethylene monomers with the following structural formula:
→ Nylon is a condensation polymer made from 1,6-diaminohexane and adipic acid, producing a by-product of water molecules. It has the following structural formula.
Properties
→ Polyethylene is inexpensive, weatherproof and relatively resistant to chemicals.
→ There are two main types of polyethylene which have different properties. Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) is semi-rigid while high density polyethylene (HDPE) is fluid.
→ Nylon is strong and relatively resistant to moisture absorptivity. It is longer lasting than polyethylene, resistant to chemicals and is used to make nylon fibre.
Applications
→ LDPE is used to produce products such as plastic soft drink bottles, flexible water pipes and cling wrap. HDPE’s fluidity make it an appropriate material for producing shopping bags, plastic crates and drums for storage.
→ Nylon is very versatile in its manufacturing uses. It is a common input for clothing, can be used for injection-moulded parts for vehicles and also as reinforcement for rubber tyres.
→ Nylon is also used as the main material input for nylon thread which has a myriad of uses, including stitching for clothes and the production of rope.
CHEMISTRY, M7 2015 HSC 11 MC
Two monomers are shown.
Which of the following shows a condensation polymer that could be formed from the monomers?
CHEMISTRY, M7 2020 HSC 12 MC
The structure of part of a polymer chain is shown.
Which statement best explains why plastics made from this polymer require a temperature of approximately 250°C before they begin to soften?
- The carbon–carbon bonds in the polymer chains are strong.
- The carbon–hydrogen bonds in the polymer chains are strong.
- Extensive dipole–dipole and dispersion forces exist between the polymer chains.
- Extensive hydrogen bonds and dispersion forces exist between the polymer chains.
CHEMISTRY, M7 2022 HSC 18 MC
A low molecular weight biopolymer is being investigated for its suitability for medical use. In one trial a molecular weight of `2900 pm 100\ text{g}\ text{mol}^(-1)` proved to be optimum.
A section of this biopolymer is shown.
Which will produce the suitable biopolymer?
