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BIOLOGY, M3 EQ-Bank 4 MC

Which of the following scenarios best demonstrates a physiological adaptation rather than a structural or behavioural adaptation in an Australian organism?

  1. A kangaroo's ability to hop at high speeds over long distances.
  2. The drought deciduousness of mulga trees in arid regions.
  3. The mallee fowl's behaviour of building and maintaining large incubation mounds.
  4. The production of cyanide compounds by Swainsona plants when grazed upon.
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\(D\)

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  • Physiological adaptations refer to functions of an organism’s structural features that have evolved to help them survive in their specific environments.

\(\Rightarrow D\)

BIOLOGY, M3 EQ-Bank 3 MC

Consider the following adaptations in Australian organisms:

\(\text{I.}\)   The ability of koalas to detoxify eucalyptus leaves.  
\(\text{II.}\)   The migration of bogong moths to alpine areas in summer.  
\(\text{III.}\)   The spines on an echidna.  
\(\text{IV.}\)   The camouflage patterns on a leaf-tailed gecko.  

 
Which combination correctly identifies one of each type of adaptation (structural, physiological, and behavioural)?

  1. \(\text{I, II,}\) and \(\text{III}\)
  2. \(\text{I, II,}\) and \(\text{IV}\)
  3. \(\text{I, III,}\) and \(\text{IV}\)
  4. \(\text{II, III,}\) and \(\text{IV}\)
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\(D\)

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Consider each statement:

  • \(\text{I.}\) Physiological adaptation. The ability of koalas to detoxify eucalyptus leaves involves internal metabolic processes.
  • \(\text{II.}\) Behavioral adaptation. The migration of bogong moths is a seasonal behavior that helps them survive and reproduce.
  • \(\text{III.}\) Structural adaptation. The spines on an echidna are physical features that provide protection.
  • \(\text{IV.}\) Structural adaptation. The camouflage patterns on a leaf-tailed gecko are physical characteristics, though they can change slightly which could be considered physiological.

\(\Rightarrow D\)

BIOLOGY, M3 EQ-Bank 1

Describe the concept of structural adaptation in living organisms. In your answer, one example of a structural adaptation in a plant species and one example in an animal species.   (3 marks)

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  • A structural adaptation refers to a physical feature of an organism that has evolved over time to enhance its survival in a specific environment.
  • Plant example: Many Australian eucalyptus species have a thick, waxy cuticle on their leaves which helps reduce water loss in arid conditions.
  • Animal example: The streamlined body shape of dolphins is a structural adaptation that allows for efficient movement through water, reducing drag and enabling high-speed swimming. 
Show Worked Solution
  • A structural adaptation refers to a physical feature of an organism that has evolved over time to enhance its survival in a specific environment.
  • Plant example: Many Australian eucalyptus species have a thick, waxy cuticle on their leaves which helps reduce water loss in arid conditions.
  • Animal example: The streamlined body shape of dolphins is a structural adaptation that allows for efficient movement through water, reducing drag and enabling high-speed swimming.