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HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 84 MC

A mental health campaign emphasises individual resilience through positive messaging: "Find your strength" rather than "Fight depression." The campaign focuses on developing coping skills and encourages activities that bring joy and meaning.

This approach best reflects which health model?

  1. Biomedical model
  2. Ecological model
  3. Sociocultural model
  4. Salutogenic model
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\(D\)

Show Worked Solution
  • D is correct as the salutogenic model focuses on factors that promote wellbeing rather than on disease. It emphasises strengths, coping resources, and positive aspects of health maintenance.

Other options:

  • A is incorrect because the biomedical model would focus on the diagnosis and treatment of depression as a medical condition.
  • B is incorrect as the ecological model would emphasise multiple levels of influence (individual, relationship, community, society) rather than primarily focusing on individual strengths and coping.
  • C is incorrect because while the sociocultural model considers broader influences on health, this campaign primarily reflects positive health factors rather than social and cultural determinants.

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 83 MC

A local government initiative includes installing air quality monitoring stations throughout the community and advocating for stricter emissions standards for nearby factories.

This approach best represents which health model?

  1. Ecological model
  2. Biomedical model
  3. Salutogenic model
  4. Sociocultural model
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\(A\)

Show Worked Solution
  • A is correct as the ecological model addresses multiple levels of influence on health – relationships (school-based programs) and societal (emissions standards).

Other options:

  • B is incorrect because the biomedical model focuses primarily on biological aspects of disease and treatment rather than this initiative’s environmental and social approach.
  • C is incorrect as while the salutogenic model focuses on factors maintaining wellness, it doesn’t specifically emphasise the multi-level systemic approach evident in this initiative.
  • D is incorrect because this initiative more strongly demonstrates the ecological model’s focus on interactions between an individual and multiple levels of environmental influence.

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 097

Outline how the sociocultural model of health addresses the limitations of the biomedical model in promoting the health of diverse Australian communities.   (3 marks)

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Answers could include three of the following:

  • The sociocultural model addresses broader influences on health including social, cultural, environmental, and economic factors, moving beyond the biomedical model’s focus on disease and treatment alone.
  • It recognises that despite an individual’s intentions to make positive lifestyle choices, structural and environmental barriers may limit their ability to make sustainable health changes.
  • This approach emphasises community involvement. By identifying health issues and developing solutions, it empowers communities through local knowledge rather than imposing more rigid biomedical diagnoses and solutions.
  • The sociocultural model is more cost-effective as it focuses on prevention through education, improved access to services, and reducing social inequities before illnesses develop.
Show Worked Solution

Answers could include three of the following:

  • The sociocultural model addresses broader influences on health including social, cultural, environmental, and economic factors, moving beyond the biomedical model’s focus on disease and treatment alone.
  • It recognises that despite an individual’s intentions to make positive lifestyle choices, structural and environmental barriers may limit their ability to make sustainable health changes.
  • This approach emphasises community involvement. By identifying health issues and developing solutions, it empowers communities through local knowledge rather than imposing more rigid biomedical diagnoses and solutions.
  • The sociocultural model is more cost-effective as it focuses on prevention through education, improved access to services, and reducing social inequities before illnesses develop.

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 096

Explain how a police officer might observe the limitations of the biomedical model of health when responding to incidents in communities experiencing socioeconomic disadvantage.   (5 marks)

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  • A police officer would observe that the biomedical model fails to address social determinants affecting health in disadvantaged communities.
  • The officer might repeatedly encounter individuals experiencing mental health crises who receive hospital treatment but return to the same situation (poor housing, unemployment) that initially triggered their condition.
  • When responding to domestic violence, the officer would see that medical treatment for injuries doesn’t address underlying factors such as financial stress, substance abuse, or intergenerational trauma.
  • Drug-related offences persist despite addiction treatment because the biomedical model doesn’t account for social factors like limited education or lack of support services.
  • Through community policing, the officer might observe that biomedically focused health initiatives fail to engage residents who distrust healthcare systems due to past experiences or cultural differences.
Show Worked Solution
  • A police officer would observe that the biomedical model fails to address social determinants affecting health in disadvantaged communities.
  • The officer might repeatedly encounter individuals experiencing mental health crises who receive hospital treatment but return to the same situation (poor housing, unemployment) that initially triggered their condition.
  • When responding to domestic violence, the officer would see that medical treatment for injuries doesn’t address underlying factors such as financial stress, substance abuse, or intergenerational trauma.
  • Drug-related offences persist despite addiction treatment because the biomedical model doesn’t account for social factors like limited education or lack of support services.
  • Through community policing, the officer might observe that biomedically focused health initiatives fail to engage residents who distrust healthcare systems due to past experiences or cultural differences.

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 095

Discuss how the biomedical model of health has influenced health promotion approaches in Australia.    (6 marks)

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*Recommended phrases for balanced “for/against” language are bolded in the answer below.

  • The biomedical model focuses on physical and biological aspects of disease, emphasising diagnosis, treatment, and cure rather than prevention
  • On one hand, this approach offers investment in advanced screening technologies like MRIs and mammography programs, enabling earlier disease detection. A key advantage is identifying breast cancer before symptoms appear, saving lives through early intervention.
  • From one perspective, technological advances guided by this model have improved medical interventions through less invasive techniques like keyhole surgery. Supporters argue these innovations reduce recovery times and improve patient outcomes significantly.
  • However, this must be weighed against the model’s “band-aid” approach that treats symptoms without addressing underlying causes. Critics of this model contend this encourages reliance on ongoing medical “fixes” rather than preventative lifestyle changes.
  • Further to this, high costs to individuals (medical bills, time off work) and society (strain on public health systems) create significant challenges. These limitations have prompted Australia’s shift toward holistic, preventative approaches like the Ottawa Charter.
  • Despite the benefits of advanced medical technology, the key argument against the biomedical model is its narrow focus. Nevertheless, it remains valuable when integrated with broader health promotion strategies.
Show Worked Solution

*Recommended phrases for balanced “for/against” language are bolded in the answer below.

  • The biomedical model focuses on physical and biological aspects of disease, emphasising diagnosis, treatment, and cure rather than prevention
  • On one hand, this approach offers investment in advanced screening technologies like MRIs and mammography programs, enabling earlier disease detection. A key advantage is identifying breast cancer before symptoms appear, saving lives through early intervention.
  • From one perspective, technological advances guided by this model have improved medical interventions through less invasive techniques like keyhole surgery. Supporters argue these innovations reduce recovery times and improve patient outcomes significantly.
  • However, this must be weighed against the model’s “band-aid” approach that treats symptoms without addressing underlying causes. Critics of this model contend this encourages reliance on ongoing medical “fixes” rather than preventative lifestyle changes.
  • Further to this, high costs to individuals (medical bills, time off work) and society (strain on public health systems) create significant challenges. These limitations have prompted Australia’s shift toward holistic, preventative approaches like the Ottawa Charter.
  • Despite the benefits of advanced medical technology, the key argument against the biomedical model is its narrow focus. Nevertheless, it remains valuable when integrated with broader health promotion strategies.