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HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 104

Describe TWO ways UNESCO's health policies and programs have influenced health promotion in Australia.   (4 marks)

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Answers could include:

Health Literacy

  • UNESCO’s educational programs addressing health literacy have influenced Australia’s school curriculum development.
  • This includes comprehensive sex education and environmental health awareness programs in Australian schools.
  • These programs help students develop informed perspectives on health issues and environmental sustainability.

Awareness of Bullying and Violence Against Women

  • UNESCO’s International Day against Violence and Bullying at School initiative has shaped Australia’s approach to bullying prevention.
  • This has led to the implementation of national anti-bullying campaigns in Australian schools.
  • These campaigns focus on creating safer learning environments and reducing the negative mental health impacts of bullying, which affects nearly one in three Australian students.
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Answers could include:

Health Literacy

  • UNESCO’s educational programs addressing health literacy have influenced Australia’s school curriculum development.
  • This includes comprehensive sex education and environmental health awareness programs in Australian schools.
  • These programs help students develop informed perspectives on health issues and environmental sustainability.

Awareness of Violence and Bullying at School

  • UNESCO’s International Day against Violence and Bullying at School initiative has shaped Australia’s approach to bullying prevention.
  • This has led to the implementation of national anti-bullying campaigns in Australian schools.
  • These campaigns focus on creating safer learning environments and reducing the negative mental health impacts of bullying, which affects nearly one in three Australian students.

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 80 MC

The World Health Organisation's Framework Convention on Tobacco Control has influenced Australian health promotion through which of the following approaches?

  1. Requiring Australia to implement identical tobacco control measures as all other signatory countries.
  2. Providing evidence-based strategies that Australia has adapted and expanded upon in national campaigns.
  3. Mandating specific funding allocations for tobacco control in the federal health budget.
  4. Transferring responsibility for tobacco control from Australian governments to WHO oversight.
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\(B\)

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  • B is correct as the WHO Framework provided evidence-based strategies and minimum standards. Australia has not only implemented but expanded upon these measures.

Other options:

  • A is incorrect because the Framework sets minimum standards but allows countries to implement stronger measures.
  • C is incorrect as no global organisation can mandate specific budget allocations to a sovereign nation like Australia.
  • D is incorrect because the Framework enhances national responsibility for tobacco control rather than transferring it to WHO oversight.

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 79 MC

Australia's implementation of tobacco plain packaging laws in 2012 was subsequently challenged at the World Trade Organisation by several countries.

This controversy best illustrates which tension in global health policy implementation?

  1. The conflict between international trade agreements and domestic health promotion objectives.
  2. The difficulty of measuring health outcomes from policy interventions across different populations.
  3. The resistance of medical professionals to government regulations on clinical practice.
  4. The challenges of funding preventative health measures during economic downturns.
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\(A\)

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  • A is correct as the WTO challenge highlights the tension between domestic health policy objectives (reducing smoking rates through plain packaging) and international trade agreements that protect intellectual property and branding rights of tobacco companies.

Other options:

  • B is incorrect because the controversy centred on trade implications rather than measurement challenges.
  • C is incorrect as medical professionals generally supported the plain packaging initiative.
  • D is incorrect because the controversy was about trade and commercial interests rather than funding issues.

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 094

Outline how ONE global health policy has impacted health promotion in Australia.    (3 marks)

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Exemplar answer:

  • WHO’s COVID-19 pandemic policies provided crucial guidelines that shaped Australia’s public health response. This included recommendations for social distancing, mask-wearing, and travel restrictions.
  • These policies influenced Australia’s establishment of the ATSI Advisory Group on COVID-19, ensuring culturally appropriate pandemic planning and response for Indigenous communities.
  • WHO’s recommendations supported Australia’s implementation of testing procedures, contact tracing systems and vaccination strategies. These measures were extremely effective and helped maintain low infection rates compared to many other countries.
  • The coordination mechanisms recommended by WHO also enabled Australia to balance health protection measures with economic and social consideration.
Show Worked Solution

Exemplar answer:

  • WHO’s COVID-19 pandemic policies provided crucial guidelines that shaped Australia’s public health response. This included recommendations for social distancing, mask-wearing, and travel restrictions.
  • These policies influenced Australia’s establishment of the ATSI Advisory Group on COVID-19, ensuring culturally appropriate pandemic planning and response for Indigenous communities.
  • WHO’s recommendations supported Australia’s implementation of testing procedures, contact tracing systems and vaccination strategies. These measures were extremely effective and helped maintain low infection rates compared to many other countries.
  • The coordination mechanisms recommended by WHO also enabled Australia to balance health protection measures with economic and social consideration.