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Calculus, MET2 2020 VCAA 5

Let  `f: R to R, \ f(x)=x^{3}-x`.

Let  `g_{a}: R to R`  be the function representing the tangent to the graph of `f` at  `x=a`, where  `a in R`.

Let `(b, 0)` be the `x`-intercept of the graph of `g_{a}`.

  1. Show that  `b= {2a^{3}}/{3 a^{2}-1}`.   (3 marks)

  2. State the values of `a` for which `b` does not exist.    (1 mark)

  3. State the nature of the graph of `g_a` when `b` does not exist.   (1 mark)

  4. i.  State all values of `a` for which  `b=1.1`. Give your answer correct to four decimal places.   (1 mark)

  5. ii. The graph of `f` has an `x`-intercept at (1, 0).
  6.      State the values of  `a`  for which  `1 <= b <= 1.1`.
  7.      Give your answers correct to three decimal places.   (1 mark)

The coordinate `(b, 0)` is the horizontal axis intercept of `g_a`.

Let `g_b` be the function representing the tangent to the graph of `f` at  `x=b`, as shown in the graph below.
 
 
     
 

  1. Find the values of `a` for which the graphs of `g_a` and `g_b`, where `b` exists, are parallel and where  `b!=a`.   (3 marks)

Let  `p:R rarr R, \ p(x)=x^(3)+wx`, where  `w in R`.

  1. Show that  `p(-x)=-p(x)`  for all  `w in R`.   (1 mark)

A property of the graphs of `p` is that two distinct parallel tangents will always occur at `(t, p(t))` and `(-t,p(-t))` for all  `t!=0`.

  1. Find all values of `w` such that a tangent to the graph of `p` at `(t, p(t))`, for some  `t > 0`, will have an `x`-intercept at `(-t, 0)`.   (1 mark)

  2. Let  `T:R^(2)rarrR^(2),T([[x],[y]])=[[m,0],[0,n]][[x],[y]]+[[h],[k]]`, where  `m,n in R text(\{0})`  and  `h,k in R`.
     
    State any restrictions on the values of `m`, `n`, `h`, and `k`, given that the image of `p` under the transformation `T` always has the property that parallel tangents occur at  `x = -t`  and  `x = t`  for all  `t!=0`.   (1 mark)

Show Answers Only
  1. `text(See Worked Solutions.)`
  2. `a=+-sqrt3/3`
  3. `text(Horizontal line.)`
  4.  i. `a=-0.5052, 0.8084, 1.3468`
  5. ii. `a in (-0.505,-0.500]uu(0.808,1.347)`
  6. `a=+- sqrt5/5`
  7. `text(See Worked Solutions.)`
  8. `w=-5t^2`
  9. `h=0`
Show Worked Solution

a.   `f^{prime}(a) = 3a^2-1`

`g_a(x)\ \ text(has gradient)\ \ 3a^2-1\ \ text(and passes through)\ \ (a, a^3-a)`

`g_a(x)-(a^3-a)` `=(3a^2- 1)(x-a)`  
`g_a(x)` `=(3a^2-1)(x-a)+a^3-a`  

  
`x^{primeprime}-text(intercept occurs at)\ (b,0):`

`0=(3a^2-1)(b-a) + a^3-a`

`(3a^2-1)(b-a)` `=a-a^3`  
`3a^2b-3a^3-b+a` `=a-a^3`  
`b(3a^2-1)` `=a-a^3+3a^3-a`  
`:.b` `=(2a^3)/(3a^2-1)`  

 
b.   `b\ text{does not exist when:}`

♦ Mean mark part (b) 46%.

`(3a^2-1)=0`

`a=+-sqrt3/3`

♦♦ Mean mark part (c) 23%.
 

c.   `text{If}\ \ a=+-sqrt3/3,\ \ g_a^{prime}(x) = 0`

`=>\ text{the graph is a horizontal line (does not cross the}\ xtext{-axis).}`
 

d.i.  `text(Solve)\ {2a^{3}}/{3 a^{2}-1}=1.1\ text(for)\ a:`

`a=-0.5052\ text(or )\ =0.8084\ text(or)\ a=1.3468\ \ text{(to 4 d.p.)}`
  

d.ii.  `text(Solve)\ 1 <= (2a^(3))/(3a^(2)-1) < 1.1\ text(for)\ a:`

♦♦♦ Mean mark part (d)(ii) 13%.

`a in (-0.505,-0.500]uu(0.808,1.347)\ \ text{(to 3 d.p.)}`
 

e.   `f^{prime}(b) = 3b^2-1`

`g_b(x)\ \ text(has gradient)\ \ 3b^2-1\ \ text(and passes through)\ \ (b, b^3-b)`

`g_b(x)-(b^3-b)` `=(3b^2-1)(x-b)`  
`g_b(x)` `=(3b^2-1)(x-b)+b^3-b`  

 
`g_a(x)\ text{||}\ g_b(x)\ \ text{when}`

♦♦♦ Mean mark part (e) 13%.
`3a^2-1` `=3b^2-1`  
  `=3 cdot((2a^3)/(3a^2-1))-1`  

 
`=> a=+-1, +- sqrt5/5, 0`

`text(Test each solution so that)\ \ b!=a :`

`text(When)\ \ a=+-1, 0 \ => \ b=a`

`:. a=+- sqrt5/5`
 

f.    `p(-x)` `=(-x)^3-wx`
    `=-x^3-wx`
    `=-(x^3+wx)`
    `=-p(x)`

 
g.  `p^{prime}(t) = 3t^2+w`

♦♦♦ Mean mark part (g) 3%.

`p(t)\ \ text(has gradient)\ \ 3t^2+w\ \ text(and passes through)\ \ (t, t^3+wt)`

`p(t)-(t^3+wt)` `=(3t^2+w)(x-t)`  
`p(t)` `=(3t^2+w)(x-t) + t^3+wt`  

 
`text{If}\ p(t)\ text{passes through}\ \ (-t, 0):`

`0=(3t^2+w)(-2t) + t^3+wt`

`=>w=-5t^2\ \ (t>0)`
 

h.   `text{Property of parallel tangents is retained under transformation}`

♦♦♦ Mean mark part (h) 2%.

`text{if rotational symmetry remains (odd function).}`

`=>h=0`

`text(No further restrictions apply to)\ m, n\ \ text{or}\ \ k.`

Calculus, MET2 2009 VCAA 9 MC

The tangent at the point (1, 5) on the graph of the curve  `y = f (x)`  has equation  `y = 3 + 2x.`

The tangent at the point (3, 8) on the curve  `y = f (x - 2) + 3`  has equation

A.   `y = 2x - 4`

B.   `y = x + 5`

C.   `y = -2x + 14`

D.   `y = 2x + 4`

E.   `y = 2x + 2`

Show Answers Only

`E`

Show Worked Solution

`f(x)\ \ text(translated right 2, up 3)`

`P (1, 5)\ overset (x + 2,\ \ y + 3) rightarrow\ P prime (3, 8)`

 

`text(T) text(angent equation at)\ \ P prime (3, 8),\ text(has the)`

`text(same gradient as)\ \ y = 3 + 2x.`

`:.\ text(Equation of the second tangent,)`

`y – 8` `= 2 (x – 3)`
`y` `= 2x + 2`

 
`=>   E`