Aspects of young people’s lives

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How are young people's priorities and values influenced by aspects of their development? (12 marks)

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Young people’s health priorities and values change dramatically during adolescence as a result of multiple developmental influences that shape their understanding and decision-making processes.
Physical development affects health priorities through changing body awareness and self-image concerns. Puberty creates heightened focus on appearance and peer acceptance, leading to increased emphasis on physical attractiveness over overall health. Growth spurts require increased nutritional needs, yet social pressures often result in poor dietary choices and disordered eating patterns. Sexual maturation introduces new health considerations including reproductive health education and risk-taking behaviours that previous generations faced differently.
Cognitive development enables more complex health reasoning but also creates overthinking and anxiety about health decisions. Abstract thinking capacity allows understanding of long-term health consequences, yet brain development patterns mean impulse control remains limited until mid-twenties. This results in contradictory behaviours where young people understand health risks but still engage in dangerous activities like substance use, reckless driving, or unprotected sexual behaviour.
Social development significantly influences health values through peer relationships and independence seeking behaviours. Peer acceptance becomes the primary concern, often overriding parental health teachings and family traditions. Social media exposure amplifies peer pressure and creates unrealistic health standards and body image expectations. The desire for independence leads to rejection of family health practices whilst developing personal health identity and autonomy.
Emotional development impacts health priorities through identity formation and self-worth struggles during adolescence. Mental health awareness increases significantly, yet emotional volatility makes consistent healthy choices difficult to maintain. Stress management becomes crucial as academic pressures, social expectations, and future uncertainties intensify.
Cultural and technological influences reshape health values compared to previous generations dramatically. Digital connectivity provides instant health information access but also exposes young people to misinformation and conflicting advice.

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Young people’s health priorities and values change dramatically during adolescence as a result of multiple developmental influences that shape their understanding and decision-making processes.
Physical development affects health priorities through changing body awareness and self-image concerns. Puberty creates heightened focus on appearance and peer acceptance, leading to increased emphasis on physical attractiveness over overall health. Growth spurts require increased nutritional needs, yet social pressures often result in poor dietary choices and disordered eating patterns. Sexual maturation introduces new health considerations including reproductive health education and risk-taking behaviours that previous generations faced differently.
Cognitive development enables more complex health reasoning but also creates overthinking and anxiety about health decisions. Abstract thinking capacity allows understanding of long-term health consequences, yet brain development patterns mean impulse control remains limited until mid-twenties. This results in contradictory behaviours where young people understand health risks but still engage in dangerous activities like substance use, reckless driving, or unprotected sexual behaviour.
Social development significantly influences health values through peer relationships and independence seeking behaviours. Peer acceptance becomes the primary concern, often overriding parental health teachings and family traditions. Social media exposure amplifies peer pressure and creates unrealistic health standards and body image expectations. The desire for independence leads to rejection of family health practices whilst developing personal health identity and autonomy.
Emotional development impacts health priorities through identity formation and self-worth struggles during adolescence. Mental health awareness increases significantly, yet emotional volatility makes consistent healthy choices difficult to maintain. Stress management becomes crucial as academic pressures, social expectations, and future uncertainties intensify.
Cultural and technological influences reshape health values compared to previous generations dramatically. Digital connectivity provides instant health information access but also exposes young people to misinformation and conflicting advice.

♦♦ Mean mark 49%.

HMS, HIC 2018 HSC 28a

Explain how the changes that have occurred in the lives of young pee over recent generations have influenced their health status. (8 marks)

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Technology changes have significantly influenced young people’s health status because digital devices now dominate daily activities. This occurs because social media and gaming create sedentary lifestyles that reduce physical activity levels. For example, young people spend hours on smartphones and computers instead of participating in outdoor sports. This leads to increased rates of obesity and decreased cardiovascular fitness. Additionally, excessive screen time causes disrupted sleep patterns and eye strain. The reason for this is blue light exposure interferes with natural circadian rhythms.
Social and family structure changes have affected mental health outcomes because modern family dynamics differ from previous generations. This happens when both parents work full-time, reducing family interaction time. For instance, many young people experience increased independence but less emotional support at home. Consequently, this creates higher anxiety levels and feelings of isolation. Furthermore, social media comparison results in body image concerns and self-esteem issues that were less prevalent in earlier generations.
Economic pressures have influenced health behaviours because the cost of living has increased substantially. This process ensures that many young people work part-time jobs while studying. For example, students often choose cheap, processed foods over nutritious meals due to time and financial constraints. Therefore, this generates poor dietary habits and nutritional deficiencies that affect physical development and academic performance.

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Technology changes have significantly influenced young people’s health status because digital devices now dominate daily activities. This occurs because social media and gaming create sedentary lifestyles that reduce physical activity levels. For example, young people spend hours on smartphones and computers instead of participating in outdoor sports. This leads to increased rates of obesity and decreased cardiovascular fitness. Additionally, excessive screen time causes disrupted sleep patterns and eye strain. The reason for this is blue light exposure interferes with natural circadian rhythms.
Social and family structure changes have affected mental health outcomes because modern family dynamics differ from previous generations. This happens when both parents work full-time, reducing family interaction time. For instance, many young people experience increased independence but less emotional support at home. Consequently, this creates higher anxiety levels and feelings of isolation. Furthermore, social media comparison results in body image concerns and self-esteem issues that were less prevalent in earlier generations.
Economic pressures have influenced health behaviours because the cost of living has increased substantially. This process ensures that many young people work part-time jobs while studying. For example, students often choose cheap, processed foods over nutritious meals due to time and financial constraints. Therefore, this generates poor dietary habits and nutritional deficiencies that affect physical development and academic performance.

♦♦ Mean mark 53%.

HMS, HIC 2021 HSC 28aii

In regard to the influence of technology, compare the lives of young people today to the lives of young people in previous generations. (5 marks)

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Similarities

Both current and previous generations of young people have used available technology to connect socially and access entertainment.
Earlier generations gathered around television sets and used landline phones to maintain friendships, while today’s young people use smartphones and social media for similar purposes.
Technology has consistently provided young people with new forms of recreation and social interaction throughout different eras.

Differences

Contemporary young people experience constant connectivity through smartphones and social media platforms, enabling instant global communication and unlimited information access. Previous generations relied on direct personal interactions and had limited, scheduled technology use like watching television at specific times.
Modern technology creates unique challenges including cyberbullying, social media pressure and digital addiction concerns that previous generations never faced. However, today’s young people benefit from enhanced learning opportunities through educational apps, online courses and virtual experiences unavailable to earlier generations. Previous generations spent more time in face-to-face interactions and outdoor activities without constant digital stimulation.

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Similarities

Both current and previous generations of young people have used available technology to connect socially and access entertainment.
Earlier generations gathered around television sets and used landline phones to maintain friendships, while today’s young people use smartphones and social media for similar purposes.
Technology has consistently provided young people with new forms of recreation and social interaction throughout different eras.

Differences

Contemporary young people experience constant connectivity through smartphones and social media platforms, enabling instant global communication and unlimited information access. Previous generations relied on direct personal interactions and had limited, scheduled technology use like watching television at specific times.
Modern technology creates unique challenges including cyberbullying, social media pressure and digital addiction concerns that previous generations never faced. However, today’s young people benefit from enhanced learning opportunities through educational apps, online courses and virtual experiences unavailable to earlier generations. Previous generations spent more time in face-to-face interactions and outdoor activities without constant digital stimulation.

HMS, HIC 2021 HSC 28ai

Outline how ONE global event has influenced the lives of young people. (3 marks)

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The COVID-19 pandemic significantly transformed young people’s educational experiences through widespread remote learning adoption.
School closures forced millions of students worldwide to adapt to online platforms and digital classrooms.
This shift enhanced young people’s technological skills while creating new challenges including social isolation and reduced face-to-face peer interaction.
Many young people developed greater independence in their learning approaches but also experienced increased mental health concerns due to disrupted social connections and uncertainty about their futures.

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The COVID-19 pandemic significantly transformed young people’s educational experiences through widespread remote learning adoption.
School closures forced millions of students worldwide to adapt to online platforms and digital classrooms.
This shift enhanced young people’s technological skills while creating new challenges including social isolation and reduced face-to-face peer interaction.
Many young people developed greater independence in their learning approaches but also experienced increased mental health concerns due to disrupted social connections and uncertainty about their futures.

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 73

Outline THREE processes that a researcher could use when developing a method to collect data investigating the meanings of health for young people. (3 marks)

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Answers could include any THREE of the following:

Determine appropriate data collection methods (surveys, interviews, focus groups) based on research question.
Design clear, age-appropriate questions that are unbiased and aligned with research objectives.
Consider quantitative methods (closed surveys) for numerical data and qualitative methods (interviews) for in-depth responses.
Ensure consistency in question delivery to maintain reliability.
Select a representative sample of participants to ensure validity.
Plan data recording methods that maintain privacy and accuracy.

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Answers could include any THREE of the following:

Determine appropriate data collection methods (surveys, interviews, focus groups) based on research question.
Design clear, age-appropriate questions that are unbiased and aligned with research objectives.
Consider quantitative methods (closed surveys) for numerical data and qualitative methods (interviews) for in-depth responses.
Ensure consistency in question delivery to maintain reliability.
Select a representative sample of participants to ensure validity.
Plan data recording methods that maintain privacy and accuracy.

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 72

Explain how the increased accessibility of technology and global events has influenced the health behaviours of young people in Australia. In your answer, provide specific examples. (5 marks)

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*Language highlighting the cause-effect relationship is bolded in the answer below.

Increased screen time due to smartphone and social media accessibility has reduced physical activity levels among young people. This leads to higher rates of sedentary behaviour and obesity.
Global events like COVID-19 pandemic disrupted normal routines. This causes both challenges (increased anxiety and depression) and opportunities (tele-health availability) for young people’s health.
Social media platforms expose young people to unrealistic body images and beauty standards. As a result, this contributes to poor body image and eating disorders.
Technology provides greater access to health information. This enables young people to become more informed about health issues, though this relationship results in misinformation spreading without critical evaluation skills.
Global connectivity through technology allows health trends to spread rapidly. This process ensures both positive (fitness challenges) and negative (dangerous viral challenges) impacts reach young people’s health behaviours quickly.
Online communities provide support networks for young people experiencing health issues. This interaction allows reduced isolation and demonstrates why help-seeking behaviours are becoming normalised.

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*Language highlighting the cause-effect relationship is bolded in the answer below.

Increased screen time due to smartphone and social media accessibility has reduced physical activity levels among young people. This leads to higher rates of sedentary behaviour and obesity.
Global events like COVID-19 pandemic disrupted normal routines. This causes both challenges (increased anxiety and depression) and opportunities (tele-health availability) for young people’s health.
Social media platforms expose young people to unrealistic body images and beauty standards. As a result, this contributes to poor body image and eating disorders.
Technology provides greater access to health information. This enables young people to become more informed about health issues, though this relationship results in misinformation spreading without critical evaluation skills.
Global connectivity through technology allows health trends to spread rapidly. This process ensures both positive (fitness challenges) and negative (dangerous viral challenges) impacts reach young people’s health behaviours quickly.
Online communities provide support networks for young people experiencing health issues. This interaction allows reduced isolation and demonstrates why help-seeking behaviours are becoming normalised.

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 71

Explain how both family relationships and peer interactions influence adolescent development during the identity formation stage. (5 marks)

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Family relationships provide the foundation for identity development during adolescence (typically ages 12-18) through:

Emotional and physical security that allows adolescents to take risks in identity exploration.
Parenting styles that balance support with appropriate autonomy.
Transmission of initial values and beliefs that form the basis for self-concept.

Peer interactions shape identity formation through:

Social comparison processes that help refine self-perception.
Opportunities to experiment with different social roles and behaviours.
Feedback on identity choices through acceptance or rejection.

The dynamic interplay between these influences creates:

Different contexts for identity exploration.
Sometimes conflicting messages that adolescents must reconcile.
A balanced identity that integrates values from both family and peer spheres.

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*PEEL – Solution is structured using an adjusted PEEL method to show cause and effect: [P] State the cause/factor [E] Show how it causes the effect [Ev] Evidence demonstrating why/how [L] Reinforce the causal relationship.

**Language highlighting the cause-effect relationship is bolded in the answer below.

[P] Family provides emotional security for identity exploration.
[E] This enables adolescents to take risks and try new identities.
[Ev] This happens when supportive parents allow teenagers to try new interests like joining drama clubs or make new friend groups without fear of rejection.
[L] This shows a clear connection between family stability and confident self-discovery.
[P] Peer feedback shapes self-perception.
[E] This causes adolescents to modify behaviours for acceptance.
[Ev] As a result, teenagers adopt clothing styles or music preferences matching their friend group to help them belong.
[L] This demonstrates why peer approval directly influences identity choices during adolescence.
[P] Conflicting family-peer values create identity tension.
[E] This leads to adolescents developing independent thinking skills.
[Ev] This occurs because teenagers must choose between parents’ expectations and friends’ social priorities, which helps form lasting personal values.
[L] These elements work together to produce unique identities balancing both influences through individual decision-making.

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 60 MC

Which of the following BEST describes a key developmental difference between current and previous generations of young people?

The timing of puberty and physical development.
The process of exploring personal identity.
The ability to access information that accelerates maturity.
The development of the prefrontal cortex.

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\(C\)

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C is correct. Today’s young people have access to global information through technology, accelerating their exposure to adult concepts and information.

Other options:

A is incorrect because the timing and process of puberty and physical development has remained relatively consistent across generations.
B is incorrect as exploring personal identity is a consistent developmental process across generations
D is incorrect since prefrontal cortex development continues until the mid-20s for all young people regardless of generation.

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 70

Outline THREE developmental changes that remain consistent for young people across different generations despite societal changes. (3 marks)

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Physical maturation during adolescence remains consistent, with both males and females experiencing similar body changes (height increases, hormonal changes) regardless of generation.
Exploration of personal values and career interests occurs during adolescence across all generations as young people develop their identity.
Brain development, particularly the prefrontal cortex responsible for decision-making, continues to develop until mid-20s for all young people regardless of generation.

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Physical maturation during adolescence remains consistent, with both males and females experiencing similar body changes (height increases, hormonal changes) regardless of generation.
Exploration of personal values and career interests occurs during adolescence across all generations as young people develop their identity.
Brain development, particularly the prefrontal cortex responsible for decision-making, continues to develop until mid-20s for all young people regardless of generation.

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 69

Outline THREE ways that developmental stages influence the health of young people today compared to previous generations. (3 marks)

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Technology has accelerated young people’s exposure to global information despite still being developmentally in childhood. This causes young people to mature differently than previous generations.
Puberty and physical development remain similar across generations (voice deepening, growth spurts, etc.), but social development is affected by modern influences like social media.
Prefrontal cortex development (responsible for decision-making) continues similarly in young people today until their mid-20s. However, today’s young people face different stressors when making decisions due to increased information access and social pressures.

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Technology has accelerated young people’s exposure to global information despite still being developmentally in childhood. This causes young people to mature differently than previous generations.
Puberty and physical development remain similar across generations (voice deepening, growth spurts, etc.), but social development is affected by modern influences like social media.
Prefrontal cortex development (responsible for decision-making) continues similarly in young people today until their mid-20s. However, today’s young people face different stressors when making decisions due to increased information access and social pressures.

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Explain how the developmental stage of a young person’s life can cause their motivation AND values to vary. (5 marks)

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Brain development during adolescence causes changes in thinking abilities and decision-making capacity.
This leads to shifts from concrete to abstract reasoning, where 13-year-olds value immediate rewards like gaming, while 17-year-olds prioritise long-term goals like university entry.
This demonstrates how cognitive growth directly transforms what young people find motivating and important.
Identity formation triggers increased peer influence during teenage years.
The result is values shifting from family-centred to friend group-focused priorities.
For instance, when teenagers seek independence, they adopt friends’ music tastes or political views to fit in.
This shows a clear connection between developmental need for belonging and changing value systems.
Approaching physical maturity creates new motivations through hormonal changes.
This occurs because puberty increases interest in romantic relationships and body image concerns.
The underlying reason is hormonal changes trigger desires for social acceptance, motivating gym attendance or dieting behaviours.
These elements work together to reshape priorities from childhood interests toward adult-focused goals.

Show Worked Solution

Brain development during adolescence causes changes in thinking abilities and decision-making capacity.
This leads to shifts from concrete to abstract reasoning, where 13-year-olds value immediate rewards like gaming, while 17-year-olds prioritise long-term goals like university entry.
This demonstrates how cognitive growth directly transforms what young people find motivating and important.
Identity formation triggers increased peer influence during teenage years.
The result is values shifting from family-centred to friend group-focused priorities.
For instance, when teenagers seek independence, they adopt friends’ music tastes or political views to fit in.
This shows a clear connection between developmental need for belonging and changing value systems.
Approaching physical maturity creates new motivations through hormonal changes.
This occurs because puberty increases interest in romantic relationships and body image concerns.
The underlying reason is hormonal changes trigger desires for social acceptance, motivating gym attendance or dieting behaviours.
These elements work together to reshape priorities from childhood interests toward adult-focused goals.

♦ Mean mark 53%.

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 059

Evaluate the extent to which global sporting events influence the physical activity levels and health of young Australians. (8 marks)

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Evaluation Statement

Global sporting events prove partially effective in increasing young Australians’ physical activity levels.
This evaluation examines immediate participation impacts and long-term behaviour change sustainability.

Immediate Participation Impact

Major sporting events adequately fulfil short-term motivation needs for youth activity.
Evidence supporting this includes 30% increases in junior sport registrations following Olympics and World Cups.
A critical strength is diverse sport exposure – young people discover activities like archery or skateboarding through global competitions.
Community sporting clubs report membership surges lasting 3-6 months post-events.
While strong in generating initial enthusiasm, it shows limitations in converting interest to lasting habits as most new participants drop out within one year.

Long-Term Behaviour Change

International competitions fail to achieve sustained physical activity improvements among youth.
The evidence indicates that inspiration from events rarely translates to permanent lifestyle changes.
Although effective for creating temporary motivation, it proves insufficient for addressing underlying barriers like cost and accessibility.
Better outcomes require ongoing local programs, not periodic global events. Research shows 80% return to pre-event activity levels within 12 months.

Final Evaluation

Weighing these factors shows global events create limited lasting impact on youth health.
The weaknesses outweigh strengths because temporary inspiration cannot overcome systematic barriers to participation.
The overall evaluation demonstrates need for consistent local initiatives rather than relying on international events to motivate young people.
Sustainable youth activity should focus on well funded, year-round community programs, not occasional global sporting spectacles.

Show Worked Solution

Evaluation Statement

Global sporting events prove partially effective in increasing young Australians’ physical activity levels.
This evaluation examines immediate participation impacts and long-term behaviour change sustainability.

Immediate Participation Impact

Major sporting events adequately fulfil short-term motivation needs for youth activity.
Evidence supporting this includes 30% increases in junior sport registrations following Olympics and World Cups.
A critical strength is diverse sport exposure – young people discover activities like archery or skateboarding through global competitions.
Community sporting clubs report membership surges lasting 3-6 months post-events.
While strong in generating initial enthusiasm, it shows limitations in converting interest to lasting habits as most new participants drop out within one year.

Long-Term Behaviour Change

International competitions fail to achieve sustained physical activity improvements among youth.
The evidence indicates that inspiration from events rarely translates to permanent lifestyle changes.
Although effective for creating temporary motivation, it proves insufficient for addressing underlying barriers like cost and accessibility.
Better outcomes require ongoing local programs, not periodic global events. Research shows 80% return to pre-event activity levels within 12 months.

Final Evaluation

Weighing these factors shows global events create limited lasting impact on youth health.
The weaknesses outweigh strengths because temporary inspiration cannot overcome systematic barriers to participation.
The overall evaluation demonstrates need for consistent local initiatives rather than relying on international events to motivate young people.
Sustainable youth activity should focus on well funded, year-round community programs, not occasional global sporting spectacles.

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 058

Describe how exposure to global events through digital media affects the mental health of young people today compared to previous generations. (4 marks)

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Today’s youth experience global events differently than previous generations due to digital media.
While previous generations received delayed, filtered news through limited channels, modern young people are constantly exposed to immediate, graphic coverage of global events.
This constant exposure creates a mental health burden which can cause anxiety and a pessimistic outlook on the future.
However, digital platforms also enable active participation in global movements like #blacklivesmatter and climate activism, providing purpose and community.
This participation represents a significant difference from previous generations’ more passive consumption of global events and offers some psychological benefit despite the increased exposure to distressing content.

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Today’s youth experience global events differently than previous generations due to digital media.
While previous generations received delayed, filtered news through limited channels, modern young people are constantly exposed to immediate, graphic coverage of global events.
This constant exposure creates a mental health burden which can cause anxiety and a pessimistic outlook on the future.
However, digital platforms also enable active participation in global movements like #blacklivesmatter and climate activism, providing purpose and community.
This participation represents a significant difference from previous generations’ more passive consumption of global events and offers some psychological benefit despite the increased exposure to distressing content.

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 057

Evaluate how cultural influences affect the health and wellbeing of young people in Australia today compared to previous generations. (8 marks)

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Evaluation Statement

Cultural influences prove partially effective in supporting young Australian’s health compared to previous generations.
This evaluation examines how living in a multicultural society promotes health and what effect social media has on these cultural influences for the current generation.

Multicultural exposure

Today’s multicultural communities offer young Australians access to numerous traditional and modern health practices.
Young people are often able to access traditional diets and healing practices alongside Western offerings. For example, young people today can gain exposure to Mediterranean diets, Asian mindfulness practices, and Indigenous connection to country.
Previous generations experienced limited cultural health perspectives.
While strong in broadening health understanding, cultural influences can also have a negative influence on mental health wellbeing. An example is the identity confusion for some young people who find managing multiple cultures difficult.

Cultural influences on health and social media

Social media platforms are somewhat effective in promoting healthy behaviour through cultural movements.
Evidence supporting this includes #fitspo and wellness trends rapidly changing exercise habits among youth. Mental health movements like R U OK? reach millions, normalising help-seeking behaviours impossible for previous generations.
Although effective for spreading awareness, it proves less suitable for deep cultural understanding.
Previous generations developed deeper connections through direct community involvement. Despite social media’s wider reach, it fails to achieve the depth of authentic cultural interaction.

Final Evaluation

Weighing these factors shows cultural influences create mixed outcomes for today’s youth.
The strengths however outweigh the weaknesses because increased cultural awareness provides more health resources than previous generations accessed.
The overall evaluation demonstrates need for balance between digital exposure and authentic cultural engagement.
Young Australians benefit from unprecedented cultural diversity but require guidance to navigate competing influences effectively.

Show Worked Solution

Evaluation Statement

Cultural influences prove partially effective in supporting young Australian’s health compared to previous generations.
This evaluation examines how living in a multicultural society promotes health and what effect social media has on these cultural influences for the current generation.

Multicultural exposure

Today’s multicultural communities offer young Australians access to numerous traditional and modern health practices.
Young people are often able to access traditional diets and healing practices alongside Western offerings. For example, young people today can gain exposure to Mediterranean diets, Asian mindfulness practices, and Indigenous connection to country.
Previous generations experienced limited cultural health perspectives.
While strong in broadening health understanding, cultural influences can also have a negative influence on mental health wellbeing. An example is the identity confusion for some young people who find managing multiple cultures difficult.

Cultural influences on health and social media

Social media platforms are somewhat effective in promoting healthy behaviour through cultural movements.
Evidence supporting this includes #fitspo and wellness trends rapidly changing exercise habits among youth. Mental health movements like R U OK? reach millions, normalising help-seeking behaviours impossible for previous generations.
Although effective for spreading awareness, it proves less suitable for deep cultural understanding.
Previous generations developed deeper connections through direct community involvement. Despite social media’s wider reach, it fails to achieve the depth of authentic cultural interaction.

Final Evaluation

Weighing these factors shows cultural influences create mixed outcomes for today’s youth.
The strengths however outweigh the weaknesses because increased cultural awareness provides more health resources than previous generations accessed.
The overall evaluation demonstrates need for balance between digital exposure and authentic cultural engagement.
Young Australians benefit from unprecedented cultural diversity but require guidance to navigate competing influences effectively.

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 047 MC

How did the adoption of multiculturalism in the 1970s affect young people in Australia?

It caused economic decline and fewer employment opportunities.
It reduced the diversity of cultural practices in Australia.
It exposed Australians to various cultural traditions and customs.
It primarily influenced only Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander youth.

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\(C\)

Show Worked Solution

C is correct as it exposed Australians to various cultural practices including traditions, beliefs and customs from around the world.

Other options:

A is incorrect because evidence shows that multiculturalism boosted the Australian economy.
B is incorrect as multiculturalism increased, not reduced, diversity.
D is incorrect since multiculturalism broadly affected Australian society.

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 046 MC

Which of the following best explains how cultural influence on young people has changed over time?

Cultural influence has shifted from local to more global and digital platforms.
Cultural influence now impacts fewer aspects of young people's lives.
Cultural influence is less important to young people's identity formation today.
Culture no longer influences young people's health behaviours.

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\(A\)

Show Worked Solution

A is correct: Young people now receive cultural influence from global digital platforms rather than just local communities.

Other options:

B is incorrect: Cultural influence actually impacts more life aspects through constant digital connectivity and social media.
C is incorrect: Cultural influence remains central to identity formation, just delivered through different digital channels.
D is incorrect: Culture still significantly influences health behaviors through social media trends like vaping and fitness.

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 056

Evaluate the extent to which family influence serves as both a risk and protective factor for young people's health today compared to previous generations. (8 marks)

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Evaluation Statement

Family influence proves highly significant as both a risk factor and protective factor for youth health across generations.
This evaluation examines how families pass on both healthy habits and harmful behaviours.

Protective Health

Parents effectively teach healthy habits through their own actions.
Evidence supporting this includes declining youth smoking rates matching reduced parental smoking over 30 years.
A critical strength is parents’ improved health literacy creating better role models than previous generations. Today’s parents demonstrate superior nutrition knowledge and exercise habits.
While strong in physical health modelling, parents exhibit limitations in digital wellbeing guidance where they lack expertise.
Although effective for traditional health behaviours, they prove less suitable for modern challenges like social media management.

Harmful Patterns

Family dysfunction fails to achieve healthy environments for vulnerable youth.
For example, evidence indicates that exposure to domestic violence doubles young people’s risk of perpetrating abuse.
Intergenerational trauma patterns persist despite increased awareness and support services. Research shows a majority of young people from abusive homes will develop mental health issues.
Family violence rates remain consistent across generations, demonstrating insufficient progress.
This reveals comprehensive failure in breaking destructive cycles affecting youth wellbeing.

Final Evaluation

Weighing these factors shows family influence remains equally powerful across generations as both protector and risk creator.
The overall evaluation demonstrates families’ dual capacity hasn’t fundamentally changed despite societal evolution.
Modern families face new challenges but core influence mechanisms persist.
Implications suggest targeted family support programs are essential for maximising protective factors while minimising risks.

Show Worked Solution

Evaluation Statement

Family influence proves highly significant as both a risk factor and protective factor for youth health across generations.
This evaluation examines how families pass on both healthy habits and harmful behaviours.

Protective Health

Parents effectively teach healthy habits through their own actions.
Evidence supporting this includes declining youth smoking rates matching reduced parental smoking over 30 years.
A critical strength is parents’ improved health literacy creating better role models than previous generations. Today’s parents demonstrate superior nutrition knowledge and exercise habits.
While strong in physical health modelling, parents exhibit limitations in digital wellbeing guidance where they lack expertise.
Although effective for traditional health behaviours, they prove less suitable for modern challenges like social media management.

Harmful Patterns

Family dysfunction fails to achieve healthy environments for vulnerable youth.
For example, evidence indicates that exposure to domestic violence doubles young people’s risk of perpetrating abuse.
Intergenerational trauma patterns persist despite increased awareness and support services. Research shows a majority of young people from abusive homes will develop mental health issues.
Family violence rates remain consistent across generations, demonstrating insufficient progress.
This reveals comprehensive failure in breaking destructive cycles affecting youth wellbeing.

Final Evaluation

Weighing these factors shows family influence remains equally powerful across generations as both protector and risk creator.
The overall evaluation demonstrates families’ dual capacity hasn’t fundamentally changed despite societal evolution.
Modern families face new challenges but core influence mechanisms persist.
Implications suggest targeted family support programs are essential for maximising protective factors while minimising risks.

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 055

Analyse how changes in family structure over generations have affected the health and wellbeing of young people. (8 marks)

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*PEEL – Solution is structured using an adjusted PEEL method; [P] Identify components and their relationship, [E] explain the interaction/influence between them, [Ev] provide evidence showing the relationship in action, [L] linking sentence back to question.

[P] The shift from “nuclear” families to more diverse structures has had an effect on young people’s health choices.
[E] Different family structures come with different worldviews and this may entail conflicting health messages for young people.
[Ev] Young people in blended families can often receive different dietary rules from multiple households, causing confusion about healthy eating.
[L] This interaction demonstrates how structural diversity directly influences an individual’s health and their decision-making.
[P] Despite structural changes, good family communication is correlated to positive health outcomes.
[E] Young members of supportive families typically exhibit less risky behaviours no matter if their families are single-parent, blended, or traditional.
[Ev] For example, families with open communication significantly lower substance use across all family types, while poor communication doubles risky behaviours.
[L] These elements combine to produce health outcomes determined by relationship quality, not structure.
[P] Multigenerational living creates dual health impacts.
[E] On the positive side, this has improved young people’s access to health supervision and emotional support. However, on the negative side, intergenerational conflicts about health decisions and lifestyle choices can cause stress.
[Ev] This means that in practice, youth gain traditional health knowledge but can experience mental health challenges when grandparents oppose modern medical treatments.
[L] The broader impact shows intergenerational households influence both directly through care and indirectly through family tension.
[P] Parental supervision has become more complex with diverse family arrangements.
[E] The connection between multiple households and supervision can undermine the effective oversight of young people.
[Ev] Split families struggle coordinating aspects of home life like screen time limits, resulting in inconsistent health boundaries.
[L] Together, these factors increase the likelihood of unhealthy behaviours developing through supervision gaps.

Show Worked Solution

[P] The shift from “nuclear” families to more diverse structures has had an effect on young people’s health choices.
[E] Different family structures come with different worldviews and this may entail conflicting health messages for young people.
[Ev] Young people in blended families can often receive different dietary rules from multiple households, causing confusion about healthy eating.
[L] This interaction demonstrates how structural diversity directly influences an individual’s health and their decision-making.
[P] Despite structural changes, good family communication is correlated to positive health outcomes.
[E] Young members of supportive families typically exhibit less risky behaviours no matter if their families are single-parent, blended, or traditional.
[Ev] For example, families with open communication significantly lower substance use across all family types, while poor communication doubles risky behaviours.
[L] These elements combine to produce health outcomes determined by relationship quality, not structure.
[P] Multigenerational living creates dual health impacts.
[E] On the positive side, this has improved young people’s access to health supervision and emotional support. However, on the negative side, intergenerational conflicts about health decisions and lifestyle choices can cause stress.
[Ev] This means that in practice, youth gain traditional health knowledge but can experience mental health challenges when grandparents oppose modern medical treatments.
[L] The broader impact shows intergenerational households influence both directly through care and indirectly through family tension.
[P] Parental supervision has become more complex with diverse family arrangements.
[E] The connection between multiple households and supervision can undermine the effective oversight of young people.
[Ev] Split families struggle coordinating aspects of home life like screen time limits, resulting in inconsistent health boundaries.
[L] Together, these factors increase the likelihood of unhealthy behaviours developing through supervision gaps.

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 045 MC

How do young people's opinions on core issues typically relate to their parents' opinions?

Young people consistently reject their parents' views on politics and religion.
Young people's opinions often reflect those of their parents on core issues.
The generation gap has eliminated any similarity in opinions between generations.
Young people form opinions independently of their family's influence.

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\(B\)

Show Worked Solution

B is correct as research shows that young people’s opinions often reflect those of their parents on core issues.

Other options:

A is incorrect as young people’s opinions often reflect their parents’ views.
C is incorrect because it is an overstatement of the generation gap.
D is incorrect because research points to the family having significant influence on younger family members.

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 044 MC

Which statement best describes the influence of family on young people's health across generations?

The family unit is no longer valued by today's young people.
Family influence is consistent across generations despite changing family structures.
Young people of previous generations valued family connections more highly.
Family connections no longer provide protective factors against health risks.

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\(B\)

Show Worked Solution

B is correct because while family structures differ between generations, family connections remain important and influential.

Other options:

A is incorrect as research suggests the family unit is still valued by today’s young people.
C is incorrect as there is no evidence in the text that previous generations valued family more highly.
D is incorrect because connections made between family members provide a positive protective factor for various health risks.

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 054

Compare and contrast how peer influence affects young people's health behaviours today with how it affected previous generations, using specific examples to support your answer. (6 marks)

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Similarities

Both past and present generations rely heavily on peer influence for validating health behaviours (e.g. 1960s youth smoking together at social gatherings vs. today’s youth vaping because of social media trends).
Peers remain more influential than parents in both eras (e.g. 1970s teens joining protest movements despite parental disapproval vs. today’s teens following TikTok health challenges).
The fundamental need for peer acceptance continues to drive decision-making (e.g. 1980s fashion conformity within school cliques vs. today’s pursuit of social media likes and followers).

Differences

Previous generations experienced localised, face-to-face peer influence limited by geographic boundaries, while today’s youth experience global, constant digital influence through social media platforms.
Modern peer influence operates 24/7 through digital devices with greater permanence, whereas previous generations had intermittent influence limited to physical interactions.
Today, 80% of young people identify peers as their primary health information source (Mission Australia, 2023), whereas previous generations relied more on family and medical authorities.
Previous generations experienced greater parental filtering of peer influences, while today’s youth navigate more independent peer relationships online with less parental supervision.
Today’s digital focus on unattainable body standards and risky behaviours has intensified negative health impacts beyond what previous generations faced.

Show Worked Solution

Similarities

Both past and present generations rely heavily on peer influence for validating health behaviours (e.g. 1960s youth smoking together at social gatherings vs. today’s youth vaping because of social media trends).
Peers remain more influential than parents in both eras (e.g. 1970s teens joining protest movements despite parental disapproval vs. today’s teens following TikTok health challenges).
The fundamental need for peer acceptance continues to drive decision-making (e.g. 1980s fashion conformity within school cliques vs. today’s pursuit of social media likes and followers).

Differences

Previous generations experienced localised, face-to-face peer influence limited by geographic boundaries, while today’s youth experience global, constant digital influence through social media platforms.
Modern peer influence operates 24/7 through digital devices with greater permanence, whereas previous generations had intermittent influence limited to physical interactions.
Today, 80% of young people identify peers as their primary health information source (Mission Australia, 2023), whereas previous generations relied more on family and medical authorities.
Previous generations experienced greater parental filtering of peer influences, while today’s youth navigate more independent peer relationships online with less parental supervision.
Today’s digital focus on unattainable body standards and risky behaviours has intensified negative health impacts beyond what previous generations faced.

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 053

Describe the changing patterns of youth culture across generations and the effect this has on young people's sense of identity and belonging. (4 marks)

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Youth culture has evolved significantly, from the 1950s-60s rock and roll era, through the 1960s counterculture, 1970s punk movement, 1990s rave scene, to today’s social media-driven communities.
Each cultural movement is characterised by distinct music, fashion, and values that provide young people with visible means to express their identity and differentiate themselves from mainstream society.
These cultural expressions enable young people to establish connections with like-minded peers, creating a sense of belonging during the challenging adolescent years.
Despite changing forms across generations, youth cultures consistently serve as vehicles for identity formation, self-esteem and social belonging. In this way it fulfils the same psychological needs even as its form of expression evolves.

Show Worked Solution

Youth culture has evolved significantly, from the 1950s-60s rock and roll era, through the 1960s counterculture, 1970s punk movement, 1990s rave scene, to today’s social media-driven communities.
Each cultural movement is characterised by distinct music, fashion, and values that provide young people with visible means to express their identity and differentiate themselves from mainstream society.
These cultural expressions enable young people to establish connections with like-minded peers, creating a sense of belonging during the challenging adolescent years.
Despite changing forms across generations, youth cultures consistently serve as vehicles for identity formation, self-esteem and social belonging. In this way it fulfils the same psychological needs even as its form of expression evolves.

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 052

Assess the extent to which technological advances have impacted the health and wellbeing of young Australians compared to previous generations. (8 marks)

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Judgment Statement

Technological advances have produced moderately negative overall impacts on young Australians’ health and wellbeing.
This assessment examines mental health outcomes, physical activity levels, and global connectivity effects.

Mental Health Outcomes

Technology demonstrates poor effectiveness in supporting youth mental health.
Social media shows substantial negative impacts through comparison culture and cyberbullying.
Anxiety rates among teens have doubled since 2010, demonstrating a high negative impact compared to pre-digital generations.
The results indicate strong links between technology use and psychological distress.

Physical Activity Levels

Technology shows limited success in promoting active lifestyles.
While fitness apps exist, sedentary screen time dominates behaviour. Gaming disorder affects 10% of young males.
Previous generations spent 3 hours outdoors per day versus today’s 45 minutes.
Technology achieves minimal positive outcomes, with obesity rates tripling since 1980. This reveals major physical wellbeing deterioration.

Global Connectivity

Technology produces mixed results for global engagement.
Young Australians access diverse perspectives and educational resources impossible for previous generations.
However, constant exposure to global crises creates unprecedented stress.
The 24/7 news cycles increases anxiety about global issues like climate change and conflicts.
While connectivity offers valuable cultural exchange, information overload can prove moderately harmful to wellbeing.

Overall Assessment

On balance, technology proves moderately harmful despite connectivity benefits.
When all factors are considered, negative mental and physical impacts outweigh advantages.
This assessment highlights an urgent need for digital wellbeing education. Future generations require better technology management to protect health outcomes.

Show Worked Solution

Judgment Statement

Technological advances have produced moderately negative overall impacts on young Australians’ health and wellbeing.
This assessment examines mental health outcomes, physical activity levels, and global connectivity effects.

Mental Health Outcomes

Technology demonstrates poor effectiveness in supporting youth mental health.
Social media shows substantial negative impacts through comparison culture and cyberbullying.
Anxiety rates among teens have doubled since 2010, demonstrating a high negative impact compared to pre-digital generations.
The results indicate strong links between technology use and psychological distress.

Physical Activity Levels

Technology shows limited success in promoting active lifestyles.
While fitness apps exist, sedentary screen time dominates behaviour. Gaming disorder affects 10% of young males.
Previous generations spent 3 hours outdoors per day versus today’s 45 minutes.
Technology achieves minimal positive outcomes, with obesity rates tripling since 1980. This reveals major physical wellbeing deterioration.

Global Connectivity

Technology produces mixed results for global engagement.
Young Australians access diverse perspectives and educational resources impossible for previous generations.
However, constant exposure to global crises creates unprecedented stress.
The 24/7 news cycles increases anxiety about global issues like climate change and conflicts.
While connectivity offers valuable cultural exchange, information overload can prove moderately harmful to wellbeing.

Overall Assessment

On balance, technology proves moderately harmful despite connectivity benefits.
When all factors are considered, negative mental and physical impacts outweigh advantages.
This assessment highlights an urgent need for digital wellbeing education. Future generations require better technology management to protect health outcomes.

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 051

Explain how developmental stages have remained similar for young people across generations, despite differences in their life experiences. (5 marks)

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*Language highlighting the cause-effect relationship is bolded in the answer below.

Physically, both modern and past generations experience puberty. This occurs because biological maturation follows genetic programming. As a result, height spurts and hormonal changes remain universal experiences.
Emotionally, young people across generations develop self-identity. This happens when adolescents explore values and beliefs. This process ensures identity formation occurs consistently, though contexts differ.
Brain development remains consistent. The reason for this is the prefrontal cortex develops until mid-20s in all humans. This leads to similar decision-making and impulse control challenges. This demonstrates why risky behaviours peak universally.
Adolescents experience similar relationship developments. This is due to hormonal changes triggering romantic interests. These elements work together to create predictable attraction patterns.
To put it simply, while technology creates different environments, fundamental processes persist. This shows a clear connection between biological programming and consistent adolescent experiences. In other words, bodies and brains develop similarly despite changing contexts.

Show Worked Solution

*Language highlighting the cause-effect relationship is bolded in the answer below.

Physically, both modern and past generations experience puberty. This occurs because biological maturation follows genetic programming. As a result, height spurts and hormonal changes remain universal experiences.
Emotionally, young people across generations develop self-identity. This happens when adolescents explore values and beliefs. This process ensures identity formation occurs consistently, though contexts differ.
Brain development remains consistent. The reason for this is the prefrontal cortex develops until mid-20s in all humans. This leads to similar decision-making and impulse control challenges. This demonstrates why risky behaviours peak universally.
Adolescents experience similar relationship developments. This is due to hormonal changes triggering romantic interests. These elements work together to create predictable attraction patterns.
To put it simply, while technology creates different environments, fundamental processes persist. This shows a clear connection between biological programming and consistent adolescent experiences. In other words, bodies and brains develop similarly despite changing contexts.

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 050

Outline TWO ways in which peer influence acts as both a risk factor and TWO ways in which it can act as a protective factor for the health of young people today. (4 marks)

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Peer influence can act as a protective factor when peers support each other in avoiding negative health behaviours, such as not smoking or not misusing drugs.
A second way peers can demonstrate a protective behaviour is through supporting their friends suffering from mental health issues.
Conversely, peer influence can be a risk factor when peers encourage risky behaviours like dangerous driving.
Additionally, when young people prioritise peer values over family values, this can create conflict and negatively impact family relationships.

Show Worked Solution

Peer influence can act as a protective factor when peers support each other in avoiding negative health behaviours, such as not smoking or not misusing drugs.
A second way peers can demonstrate a protective behaviour is through supporting their friends suffering from mental health issues.
Conversely, peer influence can be a risk factor when peers encourage risky behaviours like dangerous driving.
Additionally, when young people prioritise peer values over family values, this can create conflict and negatively impact family relationships.

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 043 MC

How has peer influence on young people changed over time?

Peer influence is less important to modern young people.
The sources of peer influence have changed but its importance remains.
Previous generations did not experience peer influence.
Peers now have less influence compared to family.

Show Answers Only

\(B\)

Show Worked Solution

B is correct. Peer influence has remained very important although sources have changed. For example, technology has removed geographical boundaries between peer communications.

Other options:

A and C are incorrect as peers have remained a consistent and important influence on young people over time.
D is incorrect as research is clear that peers are more influential than family.

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 042 MC

What generational group are people born approximately 1996 and 2013 considered to be part of?

Generation Y
Baby Boomers
Generation Z
Generation Alpha

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\(C\)

Show Worked Solution

C is correct because Generation Z were born approximately 1996-2013.

Other options:

A is incorrect as Generation Y were born approximately 1981-95.
B is incorrect as Baby Boomers were born approximately 1946-64.
D is incorrect as Generation Alpha were born approximately 2014-25.

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 041 MC

The differences in how young people use technology compared to previous generations has led to which of the following issues?

Increased rates of infectious diseases
Less entrepreneurship opportunities
Limited access to international music
Reduced face-to-face interaction

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\(D\)

Show Worked Solution

D is correct. Online platforms allow communication to take place via text and chat applications rather than in person.

Other options:

A is incorrect as there is no evidence of technology increasing infectious diseases.
B is incorrect as evidence suggests that the web has actually opened up more entrepreneurship opportunities.
C is incorrect as technology has allowed young people have virtually unlimited access to music.

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 040 MC

According to Mission Australia's 2023 Youth Survey, what did young people identify as their most valuable source of support?

Parents
Health professionals
Friendships
Teachers

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\(C\)

Show Worked Solution

C is correct. Research, including Mission Australia in 2023, consistently shows that peer support is identified by young people as their most important area of support.

Other options:

A, B and D are all incorrect. While each group can be very important for support, none rate as highly as friendships (primarily peer support).

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 039 MC

Which statement most accurately reflects how youth engagement with global events has evolved over generations?

Contemporary youth are less politically engaged than previous generations.
Global events historically affected youth through direct participation (like military service), while today's impact is primarily through media consumption.
Today's youth are the first generation to be significantly influenced by international events.
Social media has eliminated geographical boundaries but decreased young people's awareness of global issues.

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\(B\)

Show Worked Solution

B is correct. Previous generations were affected by direct participation in global events (like military service in world wars), while today’s youth experience global events primarily through media and technology.

Other options:

A is incorrect as evidence suggests contemporary youth remain politically engaged but through different channels.
C is incorrect as it ignores the historical impact of global events on previous generations.
D is incorrect as it contradicts evidence showing social media has increased awareness of global issues.

\(\Rightarrow B\)

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 038 MC

The developmental stage of adolescence in current and previous generations is best characterised by:

Identical physical changes but completely different social expectations.
Consistent physical maturation processes with varying sociocultural contexts affecting identity development.
Faster physical development in contemporary youth but slower emotional maturation.
Reduced importance of peer relationships with increased family influence.

Show Answers Only

\(B\)

Show Worked Solution

B is correct. While physical maturation processes (puberty, brain development) remain biologically consistent across generations, the sociocultural contexts in which young people develop their identities have changed significantly.

Other options:

A is incorrect because social expectations have evolved but aren’t “completely different.”
C is incorrect as it lacks evidence for faster physical development.
D is incorrect as it contradicts evidence showing peer relationships remain highly influential for young people.

\(\Rightarrow B\)

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 037 MC

Which of the following statements BEST describes the influence of technology on young people's lives compared to previous generations?

Technology has primarily had positive effects on young people's mental health.
Technology impacts are minor because young people have always found ways to communicate.
Technology creates new health risks but also provides unique opportunities for information access and social connection.
Technology has replaced traditional communication with less meaningful interactions.

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\(C\)

Show Worked Solution

C is correct. Technology has both positive and negative impacts – creating new health risks (gaming disorder, cyberbullying, social comparison) while also providing unprecedented access to information and new ways to connect.

Other options:

A is incorrect because technology has produced significant negative mental health impacts.
B is incorrect as it understates the significant changes technology has introduced.
D is incorrect as it is too one-sided and ignores the positive aspects of technological advancement.

\(\Rightarrow C\)

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 036 MC

According to the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW), which age range defines "young people" in Australia?

10-19 years
12-21 years
15-24 years
18-25 years

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\(C\)

Show Worked Solution

\(\Rightarrow C\)

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 049

Outline THREE examples of how global events can affect the mental health of young people. (3 marks)

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Media coverage of global conflicts, terrorism and political unrest (such as the war in Ukraine or Israel-Palestine conflict) can create psychological burdens for young people, leading to increased anxiety.
The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted young people’s education and social connections. This contributed to increased rates of isolation, depression and anxiety among adolescents.
Climate change coverage can provoke anxiety about the future in young people. We note that this has also led to positive engagement through activism and social movements like those inspired by Greta Thunberg.

Show Worked Solution

Media coverage of global conflicts, terrorism and political unrest (such as the war in Ukraine or Israel-Palestine conflict) can create psychological burdens for young people, leading to increased anxiety.
The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted young people’s education and social connections. This contributed to increased rates of isolation, depression and anxiety among adolescents.
Climate change coverage can provoke anxiety about the future in young people. We note that this has also led to positive engagement through activism and social movements like those inspired by Greta Thunberg.

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 048

Discuss how family influence can both positively and negatively affect the mental health of young people. (5 marks)

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*PEEL – Solution is structured using separate PEEL methods for each side of the argument; [P] Identify the point, [E] expand on the point with a link to question asked, [Ev] apply evidence/examples, [L] linking sentence back to question.*

[P] Family influence can positively affect young people’s mental health through supportive relationships.
[E] Close family bonds provide a protective factor that enhances resilience during stressful periods.
[E] For example, families that openly communicate about mental health issues normalise help-seeking which makes young people more likely to access support when needed.
[L] In this way, young people who feel connected to their families report better mental health outcomes and reduced rates of depression and anxiety.
[P] However, family influence can also negatively impact young people’s mental health in various ways.
[E] Dysfunctional family dynamics involving abuse or neglect can become significant risk factors for developing mental health conditions.
[E] For instance, children who grow up in homes with domestic violence may experience trauma that is not addressed and affects their long-term psychological wellbeing.
[L] Through these unfortunate circumstances, young people can develop both mental health issues and an inability to seek appropriate help.

Show Worked Solution

[P] Family influence can positively affect young people’s mental health through supportive relationships.
[E] Close family bonds provide a protective factor that enhances resilience during stressful periods.
[E] For example, families that openly communicate about mental health issues normalise help-seeking which makes young people more likely to access support when needed.
[L] In this way, young people who feel connected to their families report better mental health outcomes and reduced rates of depression and anxiety.
[P] However, family influence can also negatively impact young people’s mental health in various ways.
[E] Dysfunctional family dynamics involving abuse or neglect can become significant risk factors for developing mental health conditions.
[E] For instance, children who grow up in homes with domestic violence may experience trauma that is not addressed and affects their long-term psychological wellbeing.
[L] Through these unfortunate circumstances, young people can develop both mental health issues and an inability to seek appropriate help.

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 047

Outline THREE ways in which technology use can negatively affect the mental health of young people. (3 marks)

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Sample Answer

Technology can negatively affect young people’s mental health in multiple ways:

Social media platforms often present unrealistic, curated versions of others’ lives. This can lead to unhealthy social comparisons and feelings of inadequacy.
The reduced face-to-face interaction resulting from increased online communication can contribute to social isolation and loneliness.
Additionally, gaming disorder can develop when young people engage in excessive gaming. This can adversely affect their personal, educational and social lives.

Show Worked Solution

Sample Answer

Technology can negatively affect young people’s mental health in multiple ways:

Social media platforms often present unrealistic, curated versions of others’ lives. This can lead to unhealthy social comparisons and feelings of inadequacy.
The reduced face-to-face interaction resulting from increased online communication can contribute to social isolation and loneliness.
Additionally, gaming disorder can develop when young people engage in excessive gaming. This can adversely affect their personal, educational and social lives.