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PHYSICS, M8 EQ-Bank 13 MC

The table lists the first generation of quarks and antiquarks.

   

The Standard Model of matter states that baryons, such as protons and neutrons, consist of three quarks.

Using the table, which of the following represents the quark composition for a neutron and an antineutron, respectively?

  1. `text{u}\text{u}\text{d} and bar text{u}\bar text{u}\bar text{d}`
  2. `bar text{u}\bar text{u}\bar text {d} and text{u}\text{u}\text{d}`
  3. `text{u}\text{d}\text{d} and bar text{u}\bar text{d}\bar text{d}`
  4. `bar text{u}\bar text{d}\bar text{d} and text{u}\text{d}\text{d}`
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`C`

Show Worked Solution

→ A neutron has a charge of zero, so it is made up of one up quark and two down quarks.

→ An antineutron is composed of the corresponding antiquarks. So, it is made up of one up antiquark and two down antiquarks.

`=>C`

PHYSICS, M8 2015 HSC 34e

Assess the impact of THREE advances in knowledge about particles and forces on the understanding of the atomic nucleus.   (6 marks)

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Three of many possible developments are included below.

Advance One:

→ The discovery of the neutron allowed scientists to understand the masses of the nuclei.

→ This discovery enabled scientists to better identify trends in both the periodic table.

Advance Two:

→ Knowledge of the strong nuclear force helps us to explain the interaction between protons and neutrons in the nucleus, and how this force can overcome the electrostatic  force of repulsion.

→ This discovery helps to explain why certain isotopes are unstable.

Advance Three:

→ Knowledge that protons and neutrons are made from different combinations of two types of quarks.

→ This helped to unify our understanding of subatomic particles, informing our base knowledge of quantum physics through the development of the Standard Model.

Show Worked Solution

Three of many possible developments are included below.

Advance One:

→ The discovery of the neutron allowed scientists to understand the masses of the nuclei.

→ This discovery enabled scientists to better identify trends in both the periodic table.

Advance Two:

→ Knowledge of the strong nuclear force helps us to explain the interaction between protons and neutrons in the nucleus, and how this force can overcome the electrostatic  force of repulsion.

→ This discovery helps to explain why certain isotopes are unstable.

Advance Three:

→ Knowledge that protons and neutrons are made from different combinations of two types of quarks.

→ This helped to unify our understanding of subatomic particles, informing our base knowledge of quantum physics through the development of the Standard Model.


♦♦♦ Mean mark 32%.

PHYSICS M8 2022 HSC 5 MC

Protons and neutrons are made up of quarks. The table shows the charges of these quarks.
 


 

What combination of quarks forms a neutron?

  1. 1 up, 1 down
  2. 1 up, 2 down
  3. 2 up, 1 down
  4. 2 up, 2 down
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`B`

Show Worked Solution

Baryons such as neutrons are always are made up of three quarks.

Neutrons are electrically neutral

→ comprised of one up quark and two down quarks.

`=>B`

PHYSICS, M8 2019 HSC 12 MC

The table shows two types of quarks and their respective charges.
 

In a particular nuclear transformation, a particle having a quark composition `udd` is transformed into a particle having a quark composition `u ud`.

What is another product of this transformation? 

  1. Electron
  2. Neutron
  3. Positron
  4. Proton
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`A`

Show Worked Solution

→ The particle with quark composition `udd` is a neutron.

→ It is transformed into a particle with quark composition `udd` which is a proton.

→ To conserve charge, an electron must also be a product.

`=>A`


♦ Mean mark 51%.