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How can computer graphics be utilised as a tool in aeronautical engineering?   (2 marks)

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→ Computer graphics can create a detailed and accurate visual models in three dimensions.

→ This technology can be extremely efficient in the design of aircraft components through simulation, allowing ideas to be tested and adjusted in short time frames.

Answers could also include:

  • The creation of interactive user interfaces
  • The provision of large amounts of data in the analysis of flight dynamics and servicing of aircraft
  • Improving manufacturing and prototyping.

Show Worked Solution

→ Computer graphics can create a detailed and accurate visual models in three dimensions.

→ This technology can be extremely efficient in the design of aircraft components through simulation, allowing ideas to be tested and adjusted in short time frames.

Answers could also include:

  • The creation of interactive user interfaces
  • The provision of large amounts of data in the analysis of flight dynamics and servicing of aircraft
  • Improving manufacturing and prototyping.

ENGINEERING, AE 2019 HSC 25c

An intricate component used on racing yachts is shown below being modelled using computer-aided drawing (CAD) software.
 

Explain why engineers use CAD software to design and model intricate components.   (3 marks)

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→ CAD can produce multiple immediate outputs, such as a 3D depiction, a visual image, finite element analysis and hardcopy printing.

→ Drawings are easily modified.

→ Files can be shared collaboratively.

→ Amendments can be immediately applied to any related documents.

Show Worked Solution

→ CAD can produce multiple immediate outputs, such as a 3D depiction, a visual image, finite element analysis and hardcopy printing.

→ Drawings are easily modified.

→ Files can be shared collaboratively.

→ Amendments can be immediately applied to any related documents.

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An aeronautical engineer is developing a prototype for a new propeller design.

Identify a suitable method of developing the prototype and outline the benefits of using this method.   (3 marks)

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Possible methods include:

CAD software

→ Prototype can be created and tested using CAD software.

→ This software can quickly produce working models with little difficulty.

3D printing

→ Used alongside CAD, 3D printing allows you to hold a physical model and could allow for simple testing of the design.

CNC Milling

→ Can be used to create a physical prototype out of a variety of materials.

→ Significantly faster than traditional machining of pieces.

Scaled physical model

→ A simple smaller propeller can be used to test ideas and appearances.

Show Worked Solution

Possible methods include:

CAD software

→ Prototype can be created and tested using CAD software.

→ This software can quickly produce working models with little difficulty.

3D printing

→ Used alongside CAD, 3D printing allows you to hold a physical model and could allow for simple testing of the design.

CNC Milling

→ Can be used to create a physical prototype out of a variety of materials.

→ Significantly faster than traditional machining of pieces.

Scaled physical model

→ A simple smaller propeller can be used to test ideas and appearances.

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In engineering practice, freehand sketching, technical drawing and computer aided drawing are used.

Explain the use of each of these drawing methods in engineering practice. Support your answer with relevant examples.   (8 marks)

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Freehand Sketching:

  • Quick, simple transfer of information
  • Conveys complex ideas visually without complex equipment
  • Only requires paper and pencil
  • Used onsite to resolve issues/explain ideas
  • Examples include concept sketches, illustrating modifications to a design

Technical Drawing:

  • Ensures projects are built to exact standards
  • Technical drawing standards ensure clear communication and no misunderstandings
  • Unambiguous graphical communication can transcend language barriers
  • Gives specific lengths, sizes and tolerances
  • Used for production of formal technical drawings for manufacturers

CAD:

  • Quickly creates technical drawings
  • Allows for quick collaboration and remote access
  • Fast electronic communication of ideas
  • Allows for more detail than technical drawings
  • Can produce 3D models
  • Can perform structural analysis
  • Can quickly create complex shapes
  • Linked to database of material costs to determine cost of project
  • Can be used along with CAM/CNC/3D printing to create prototypes and models
  • Examples include 3D drawing and detailed technical drawing of complex parts
Show Worked Solution

Freehand Sketching:

  • Quick, simple transfer of information
  • Conveys complex ideas visually without complex equipment
  • Only requires paper and pencil
  • Used onsite to resolve issues/explain ideas
  • Examples include concept sketches, illustrating modifications to a design

Technical Drawing:

  • Ensures projects are built to exact standards
  • Technical drawing standards ensure clear communication and no misunderstandings
  • Unambiguous graphical communication can transcend language barriers
  • Gives specific lengths, sizes and tolerances
  • Used for production of formal technical drawings for manufacturers

CAD:

  • Quickly creates technical drawings
  • Allows for quick collaboration and remote access
  • Fast electronic communication of ideas
  • Allows for more detail than technical drawings
  • Can produce 3D models
  • Can perform structural analysis
  • Can quickly create complex shapes
  • Linked to database of material costs to determine cost of project
  • Can be used along with CAM/CNC/3D printing to create prototypes and models
  • Examples include 3D drawing and detailed technical drawing of complex parts