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HMS, HAG EQ-Bank 016

In Australia, there are groups experiencing inequities in health.

Describe TWO factors that can contribute to the health status of ONE group experiencing inequities in health.   (4 marks)

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Sample Answer 1 – ATSI Peoples

Factor 1: Intergenerational trauma

  • This type of trauma significantly impacts health outcomes through chronic stress responses passed down through families.
  • The forced removal of children, destruction of cultural practices, and ongoing discrimination create psychological wounds. These manifest as higher rates of mental illness, substance abuse, and chronic disease across generations.

Factor 2: Disrupted connection to Country

  • Disrupted connection to Country affects spiritual, mental and physical wellbeing.
  • Traditional lands provide not just physical resources but cultural identity, healing practices, and community cohesion.
  • Displacement from Country breaks these protective health systems, leading to poorer nutrition, reduced physical activity, and loss of traditional medicinal knowledge.

 
Sample Answer 2 – Rural communities

Factor 1: Geographic isolation

  • This creates substantial barriers to accessing healthcare services.
  • Rural residents must travel hundreds of kilometres for specialist appointments, emergency care, or diagnostic tests.
  • This distance delays treatment and results in later-stage disease diagnosis.

Factor 2: Limited economic opportunities

  • This directly impacts health through lower incomes and job insecurity.
  • Rural communities often rely on single industries like farming or mining, creating financial stress during downturns.
  • Lower incomes reduce ability to afford healthy food, medications, and private health services.
Show Worked Solution

Sample Answer 1 – ATSI Peoples

Factor 1: Intergenerational trauma

  • This type of trauma significantly impacts health outcomes through chronic stress responses passed down through families.
  • The forced removal of children, destruction of cultural practices, and ongoing discrimination create psychological wounds. These manifest as higher rates of mental illness, substance abuse, and chronic disease across generations.

Factor 2: Disrupted connection to Country

  • Disrupted connection to Country affects spiritual, mental and physical wellbeing.
  • Traditional lands provide not just physical resources but cultural identity, healing practices, and community cohesion.
  • Displacement from Country breaks these protective health systems, leading to poorer nutrition, reduced physical activity, and loss of traditional medicinal knowledge.

 
Sample Answer 2 – Rural communities

Factor 1: Geographic isolation

  • This creates substantial barriers to accessing healthcare services.
  • Rural residents must travel hundreds of kilometres for specialist appointments, emergency care, or diagnostic tests.
  • This distance delays treatment and results in later-stage disease diagnosis.

Factor 2: Limited economic opportunities

  • This directly impacts health through lower incomes and job insecurity.
  • Rural communities often rely on single industries like farming or mining, creating financial stress during downturns.
  • Lower incomes reduce ability to afford healthy food, medications, and private health services.

HMS, HAG EQ-Bank 006

Explain how creating sustainable cities and communities can address inequality in urban environments, with particular reference to the relationship between SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) and SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities). Provide examples to support your answer.   (5 marks)

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  • Affordable housing in well-serviced areas creates equal opportunities for all income groups. This occurs because low-income families gain access to quality schools, healthcare and jobs. Consequently, economic segregation decreases. For instance, when mixed-income developments are built, all residents share the same infrastructure.
  • Public transport systems directly link disadvantaged communities to employment centres. This works by removing the financial barrier of car ownership. As a result, people from all backgrounds can reach job opportunities. This demonstrates why efficient metro networks reduce inequality between suburbs and city centres.
  • Inclusive public spaces such as parks give free recreation for all residents. This creates social cohesion and breaks down class barriers. The underlying reason is shared spaces encourage community connection and improve health.
  • Safe pedestrian infrastructure uses universal design. This demonstrates why cities become fairer when everyone, including people with disabilities, can move independently.
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  • Affordable housing in well-serviced areas creates equal opportunities for all income groups. This occurs because low-income families gain access to quality schools, healthcare and jobs. Consequently, economic segregation decreases. For instance, when mixed-income developments are built, all residents share the same infrastructure.
  • Public transport systems directly link disadvantaged communities to employment centres. This works by removing the financial barrier of car ownership. As a result, people from all backgrounds can reach job opportunities. This demonstrates why efficient metro networks reduce inequality between suburbs and city centres.
  • Inclusive public spaces such as parks give free recreation for all residents. This creates social cohesion and breaks down class barriers. The underlying reason is shared spaces encourage community connection and improve health.
  • Safe pedestrian infrastructure uses universal design. This demonstrates why cities become fairer when everyone, including people with disabilities, can move independently.

HMS, HAG EQ-Bank 003

Describe ways in which SDG 10 (Reduced Inequalities) supports improved health for diverse Australian communities.   (4 marks)

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  • SDG 10 promotes inclusive policies that ensure equitable access to healthcare services for marginalised groups including ATSI peoples and other diverse populations.
  • Reducing economic inequalities enables disadvantaged Australians to afford nutritious food, safe housing, and preventive healthcare, directly improving health outcomes.
  • Addressing social inequalities removes systemic barriers in healthcare delivery, ensuring all Australians receive culturally appropriate and timely medical treatment.
  • Political inclusion empowers diverse communities to advocate for health services that meet their specific needs.
Show Worked Solution
  • SDG 10 promotes inclusive policies that ensure equitable access to healthcare services (SDG 3) for marginalised groups including ATSI peoples and other diverse populations.
  • Reducing economic inequalities enables disadvantaged Australians to afford nutritious food, safe housing, and preventive healthcare, directly improving health outcomes.
  • Addressing social inequalities removes systemic barriers in healthcare delivery, ensuring all Australians receive culturally appropriate and timely medical treatment.
  • Political inclusion empowers diverse communities to advocate for health services that meet their specific needs.

HMS, HAG EQ-Bank 001

Outline THREE key features of Sustainable Development Goal 10: Reduced Inequalities.   (3 marks)

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Answers could include any three of the following:

  • SDG 10 focuses on addressing disparities stemming from income, gender, race, disability or other forms of discrimination.
  • The goal promotes social, economic and political inclusion of all people, particularly disadvantaged groups.
  • SDG 10 provides a framework for fostering more inclusive societies. It promotes policies that provide equal access to public services for marginalised groups.
  • It aims to reduce inequalities between countries by supporting fair economic systems that benefit everyone.
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Answers could include any three of the following:

  • SDG 10 focuses on addressing disparities stemming from income, gender, race, disability or other forms of discrimination.
  • The goal promotes social, economic and political inclusion of all people, particularly disadvantaged groups.
  • SDG 10 provides a framework for fostering more inclusive societies. It promotes policies that provide equal access to public services for marginalised groups.
  • It aims to reduce inequalities between countries by supporting fair economic systems that benefit everyone.

HMS, HAG EQ-Bank 003 MC

A city implements free public transport for students and improves lighting in public spaces. This initiative would most directly support which combination of SDGs?

  1. SDG 3 and SDG 4 only
  2. SDG 4 and SDG 10 only
  3. SDG 10 and SDG 11 only
  4. SDG 4, SDG 10 and SDG 11
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\(D\)

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  • D is correct. The initiatives mentioned directly support education (SDG 4), reduced inequities (SDG 10) and sustainable cities (SDG 11).

Other options:

  • A is incorrect – While it supports education (SDG 4), it doesn’t directly address health (SDG 3).
  • B is incorrect – It does support these two, but also clearly supports SDG 11 (sustainable cities).
  • C is incorrect – It supports these two, but also clearly supports SDG 4 (education access).

HMS, HAG EQ-Bank 002 MC

Which of the following could result in improved health status for all people as identified in Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 10: Reduced Inequalities?

  1. Access to safe and inclusive green and public spaces
  2. Equal access for all to affordable and quality education
  3. Promotion of inclusive political, economic and social policies
  4. Reduced deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and pollution
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\(C\)

Show Worked Solution
  • C is correct. This option focuses on SDG 10’s core approach of promoting inclusive policies across political, economic and social dimensions. 

Other options:

  • A is incorrect – Access to safe and inclusive green and public spaces is a target under SDG 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities.
  • B is incorrect – Equal access to affordable and quality education is the primary focus of SDG 4: Quality Education.
  • D is incorrect – Reducing deaths and illnesses from hazardous chemicals and pollution is addressed under SDG 3: Good Health and Wellbeing.