smc-5505-50-Multiple principles

HMS, HIC 2017 HSC 31a

Explain how enabling, mediating and advocating actions can make sustainable improvements for disadvantaged groups. (8 marks)

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Enabling actions directly empower disadvantaged groups to take control over factors affecting their health outcomes. These approaches work by building community capacity and addressing equity principles of participation and access. Empowerment becomes essential because disadvantaged groups often lack decision-making power in traditional healthcare models. For instance, when Aboriginal health workers deliver culturally appropriate health education within their communities, participation rates increase significantly. This demonstrates why community-led initiatives create sustainable change by ensuring equal access to health information and respecting cultural rights.
Mediating actions create collaborative partnerships that address power imbalances between different sectors. The process involves bringing together government agencies, healthcare providers, and community organisations to ensure disadvantaged voices are heard in decision-making. Empowerment occurs through shared responsibility and resource allocation. Evidence of this includes the Close the Gap campaign which provides Indigenous communities with equal participation in policy development. Such collaboration leads to more effective resource allocation because disadvantaged groups help identify their specific needs and priorities.
Advocating actions generate systemic policy changes that challenge structural inequities and redistribute power. Advocacy works by amplifying disadvantaged voices to demand equal rights and access to healthcare services. Empowerment becomes sustainable when advocacy creates lasting policy frameworks that protect vulnerable populations. A clear example is disability advocacy organisations successfully campaigning for legislative changes in healthcare accessibility. These efforts result in permanent improvements to equity because they address root causes of disadvantage rather than temporary symptom management.

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Enabling actions directly empower disadvantaged groups to take control over factors affecting their health outcomes. These approaches work by building community capacity and addressing equity principles of participation and access. Empowerment becomes essential because disadvantaged groups often lack decision-making power in traditional healthcare models. For instance, when Aboriginal health workers deliver culturally appropriate health education within their communities, participation rates increase significantly. This demonstrates why community-led initiatives create sustainable change by ensuring equal access to health information and respecting cultural rights.
Mediating actions create collaborative partnerships that address power imbalances between different sectors. The process involves bringing together government agencies, healthcare providers, and community organisations to ensure disadvantaged voices are heard in decision-making. Empowerment occurs through shared responsibility and resource allocation. Evidence of this includes the Close the Gap campaign which provides Indigenous communities with equal participation in policy development. Such collaboration leads to more effective resource allocation because disadvantaged groups help identify their specific needs and priorities.
Advocating actions generate systemic policy changes that challenge structural inequities and redistribute power. Advocacy works by amplifying disadvantaged voices to demand equal rights and access to healthcare services. Empowerment becomes sustainable when advocacy creates lasting policy frameworks that protect vulnerable populations. A clear example is disability advocacy organisations successfully campaigning for legislative changes in healthcare accessibility. These efforts result in permanent improvements to equity because they address root causes of disadvantage rather than temporary symptom management.

♦♦ Mean mark 50%.

HMS, HIC 2021 HSC 26

Explain how the application of social justice principles can help improve access to health care in Australia. Provide examples to support your answer. (8 marks)

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Equity ensures all Australians receive fair access to healthcare regardless of their circumstances. The principle works by removing financial barriers that prevent people from seeking medical treatment. Medicare demonstrates equity by providing universal healthcare coverage where bulk-billing general practitioners charge no fees to patients. As a result, low-income families can access essential medical services without financial hardship. The Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme further illustrates equity by subsidising prescription medications, ensuring life-saving treatments remain affordable for all Australians.
Participation empowers communities to identify their specific healthcare needs and develop appropriate solutions. Community involvement occurs when healthcare services involve local populations in planning and decision-making processes. For example, Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisations enable Indigenous communities to design culturally appropriate healthcare programs. These services consequently achieve better health outcomes because they address community-identified priorities and respect cultural practices.
Access focuses on removing geographical and physical barriers to healthcare services. Telehealth initiatives demonstrate this by connecting rural patients with specialists in metropolitan areas. Remote technology enables people in isolated locations to receive expert medical advice without travelling vast distances. Similarly, mobile health clinics bring essential services directly to isolated communities, ensuring geographical isolation doesn’t compromise healthcare quality.
Rights guarantee that all individuals can expect dignified, respectful healthcare treatment. Legal protections ensure healthcare providers cannot discriminate based on cultural background, disability, or sexual orientation. Anti-discrimination legislation reinforces these rights by requiring healthcare facilities to provide interpreters and culturally appropriate care.

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Equity ensures all Australians receive fair access to healthcare regardless of their circumstances. The principle works by removing financial barriers that prevent people from seeking medical treatment. Medicare demonstrates equity by providing universal healthcare coverage where bulk-billing general practitioners charge no fees to patients. As a result, low-income families can access essential medical services without financial hardship. The Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme further illustrates equity by subsidising prescription medications, ensuring life-saving treatments remain affordable for all Australians.
Participation empowers communities to identify their specific healthcare needs and develop appropriate solutions. Community involvement occurs when healthcare services involve local populations in planning and decision-making processes. For example, Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisations enable Indigenous communities to design culturally appropriate healthcare programs. These services consequently achieve better health outcomes because they address community-identified priorities and respect cultural practices.
Access focuses on removing geographical and physical barriers to healthcare services. Telehealth initiatives demonstrate this by connecting rural patients with specialists in metropolitan areas. Remote technology enables people in isolated locations to receive expert medical advice without travelling vast distances. Similarly, mobile health clinics bring essential services directly to isolated communities, ensuring geographical isolation doesn’t compromise healthcare quality.
Rights guarantee that all individuals can expect dignified, respectful healthcare treatment. Legal protections ensure healthcare providers cannot discriminate based on cultural background, disability, or sexual orientation. Anti-discrimination legislation reinforces these rights by requiring healthcare facilities to provide interpreters and culturally appropriate care.

♦ Mean mark 51%.

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 038

Analyse a specific project that applies social justice principles to address health inequities in rural communities. (8 marks)

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*PEEL – Solution is structured using an adjusted PEEL method; [P] Identify components and their relationship, [E] explain the interaction/influence between them, [Ev] provide evidence showing the relationship in action, [L] linking sentence back to question.

Sample Answer:

Project: Hear Our Heart Ear Bus Project

[P] This project combines mobile healthcare delivery with community participation.
[E] This interaction demonstrates how access and engagement work together to reach isolated children.
[Ev] The mobile bus travels to remote schools while local Aboriginal health workers help conduct screenings, and creating trust which has resulted in 90% participation rates.
[L] This relationship between mobility and cultural connection reveals effective health equity strategies.
[P] Resource allocation is directly related to educational outcomes.
[E] The dynamic between hearing health and learning shows that early detection helps prevent academic failure.
[Ev] Children receiving treatment show 40% improvement in literacy scores within one year, as hearing problems no longer impede classroom participation.
[L] This establishes a cause-effect pattern linking health intervention to educational success.
[P] Multiple stakeholder involvement operates on interconnected levels.
[E] Health specialists provide expertise while educators identify at-risk students and communities ensure cultural safety.
[Ev] These elements combine to produce comprehensive care. In this model, teachers refer students, specialists diagnose and local workers provide follow-up support .
[L] Together, these factors produce sustainable health improvements.
[P] The project’s impact extends beyond individual health.
[E] The broader impact shows community empowerment through local employment and skill development.
[Ev] Training Indigenous health workers creates ongoing capacity, meaning communities can maintain ear health programs independently.
[L] This shows a real world example of where social justice principles create lasting systemic change.

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Sample Answer:

Project: Hear Our Heart Ear Bus Project

[P] This project combines mobile healthcare delivery with community participation.
[E] This interaction demonstrates how access and engagement work together to reach isolated children.
[Ev] The mobile bus travels to remote schools while local Aboriginal health workers help conduct screenings, and creating trust which has resulted in 90% participation rates.
[L] This relationship between mobility and cultural connection reveals effective health equity strategies.
[P] Resource allocation is directly related to educational outcomes.
[E] The dynamic between hearing health and learning shows that early detection helps prevent academic failure.
[Ev] Children receiving treatment show 40% improvement in literacy scores within one year, as hearing problems no longer impede classroom participation.
[L] This establishes a cause-effect pattern linking health intervention to educational success.
[P] Multiple stakeholder involvement operates on interconnected levels.
[E] Health specialists provide expertise while educators identify at-risk students and communities ensure cultural safety.
[Ev] These elements combine to produce comprehensive care. In this model, teachers refer students, specialists diagnose and local workers provide follow-up support .
[L] Together, these factors produce sustainable health improvements.
[P] The project’s impact extends beyond individual health.
[E] The broader impact shows community empowerment through local employment and skill development.
[Ev] Training Indigenous health workers creates ongoing capacity, meaning communities can maintain ear health programs independently.
[L] This shows a real world example of where social justice principles create lasting systemic change.

HMS, HIC EQ-Bank 037

Explain how the Royal Flying Doctor Service (RFDS) addresses multiple social justice principles to improve health outcomes in rural and remote communities. (5 marks)

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*PEEL – Solution is structured using an adjusted PEEL method to show cause and effect: [P] State the cause/factor [E] Show how it causes the effect [Ev] Evidence demonstrating why/how [L] Reinforce the causal relationship.

[P] RFDS provides equal access to healthcare regardless of location.
[E] This leads to reduced mortality rates in remote areas.
[Ev] This occurs because flying doctors reach patients within hours for emergencies, preventing deaths that would happen waiting for road transport.
[L] This direct link between rapid access and survival demonstrates how access principles save lives.
[P] Community consultation ensures culturally appropriate services.
[E] This causes increased healthcare usage among Indigenous populations.
[Ev] As a result, RFDS employs local Aboriginal health workers who understand cultural needs, leading to better health engagement.
[L] This relationship results in improved health outcomes through participation.
[P] Resource allocation to remote areas creates equity.
[E] This enables comparable healthcare standards across Australia.
[Ev] The RFDS serves 330,000 patients annually in areas with 40% higher death rates, directly reducing this gap.
[L] These elements work together to equalise health opportunities between city and remote populations.

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[P] RFDS provides equal access to healthcare regardless of location.
[E] This leads to reduced mortality rates in remote areas.
[Ev] This occurs because flying doctors reach patients within hours for emergencies, preventing deaths that would happen waiting for road transport.
[L] This direct link between rapid access and survival demonstrates how access principles save lives.
[P] Community consultation ensures culturally appropriate services.
[E] This causes increased healthcare usage among Indigenous populations.
[Ev] As a result, RFDS employs local Aboriginal health workers who understand cultural needs, leading to better health engagement.
[L] This relationship results in improved health outcomes through participation.
[P] Resource allocation to remote areas creates equity.
[E] This enables comparable healthcare standards across Australia.
[Ev] The RFDS serves 330,000 patients annually in areas with 40% higher death rates, directly reducing this gap.
[L] These elements work together to equalise health opportunities between city and remote populations.