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HMS, BM EQ-Bank 44

Describe TWO ways muscle pairs work together to produce safe movement.  (3 marks)

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Sample Answer

  • Agonist/antagonist relationship controls movement speed
  • Co-contraction provides joint stability
  • Balanced strength prevents muscle imbalances
  • Coordinated action produces smooth movement
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Sample Answer

  • Agonist/antagonist relationship controls movement speed
  • Co-contraction provides joint stability
  • Balanced strength prevents muscle imbalances
  • Coordinated action produces smooth movement

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 37

Describe TWO characteristics and functions of fast twitch muscle fibres.  (3 marks)

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Sample Answer

  • Fast twitch fibres have fewer mitochondria compared to slow twitch fibres
  • They rely primarily on anaerobic glycolysis for energy production
  • They are capable of producing greater force in a shorter time period
  • They fatigue more quickly than slow twitch fibres due to their energy system reliance
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Sample Answer

  • Fast twitch fibres have fewer mitochondria compared to slow twitch fibres
  • They rely primarily on anaerobic glycolysis for energy production
  • They are capable of producing greater force in a shorter time period
  • They fatigue more quickly than slow twitch fibres due to their energy system reliance

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 27 MC

Which pair of muscles work together in an agonist-antagonist relationship?

  1. Deltoid and trapezius
  2. Biceps and gastrocnemius
  3. Triceps and biceps brachii
  4. Quadriceps and deltoid
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Consider Option C:

  • These muscles work in direct opposition at the elbow joint – biceps flexes while triceps extends

Other Options:

  • A:  Incorrect because deltoid and trapezius work in different regions and don’t form an antagonistic pair
  • B:  Incorrect because biceps and gastrocnemius work at different joints (elbow and ankle respectively)
  • D:  Incorrect because quadriceps and deltoid work at different joints (knee and shoulder respectively)

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 23 MC

During a biceps curl, what occurs at the elbow joint?

  1. The biceps contracts concentrically as the primary agonist
  2. The triceps contracts concentrically as the primary agonist
  3. The biceps and triceps contract simultaneously
  4. The triceps relaxes while the biceps stabilises
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Consider Option A:

  • During the lifting phase of a biceps curl, the biceps muscle shortens (contracts concentrically) while generating force to lift the weight
  • The biceps is the primary agonist (prime mover) in elbow flexion
  • As the agonist, it is responsible for producing the desired movement against gravity
  • The triceps (antagonist) relaxes during this phase through reciprocal inhibition.

The other options are incorrect because:
B: The triceps extends the elbow – it is not the agonist during a curl
C: The biceps and triceps don’t contract simultaneously due to reciprocal inhibition
D: This reverses the roles – the triceps relaxes but the biceps contracts rather than stabilises