SmarterEd

Aussie Maths & Science Teachers: Save your time with SmarterEd

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 31

Analyse the role of major muscles in performing a deadlift.
  

In your response, identify the types of muscle contractions occurring and explain how these muscles work together to execute the movement safely.   (5 marks)

Show Answers Only

Sample Answer

  • The deadlift requires coordinated action of multiple major muscle groups working through different types of contractions.
  • The erector spinae muscles contract isometrically to maintain spinal position throughout the movement, while the gluteus maximus and hamstrings contract concentrically during the lifting phase to extend the hips.
  • The quadriceps simultaneously contract to extend the knees, while the gastrocnemius and soleus provide stability at the ankle joint.
  • During the lowering phase, these same muscles work eccentrically to control the descent of the weight.
  • The effectiveness and safety of the lift depends on the synchronised timing of these muscle actions, with core muscles including the rectus abdominis and transverse abdominis maintaining stability throughout the movement).
Show Worked Solution

Sample Answer

  • The deadlift requires coordinated action of multiple major muscle groups working through different types of contractions.
  • The erector spinae muscles contract isometrically to maintain spinal position throughout the movement, while the gluteus maximus and hamstrings contract concentrically during the lifting phase to extend the hips.
  • The quadriceps simultaneously contract to extend the knees, while the gastrocnemius and soleus provide stability at the ankle joint.
  • During the lowering phase, these same muscles work eccentrically to control the descent of the weight.
  • The effectiveness and safety of the lift depends on the synchronised timing of these muscle actions, with core muscles including the rectus abdominis and transverse abdominis maintaining stability throughout the movement).

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 30

Explain how the hamstring muscle group and quadriceps work together during a running stride. In your answer, refer to types of muscle contractions.   (4 marks)

Show Answers Only

Sample Answer

  • During the running stride, the hamstrings and quadriceps demonstrate the antagonistic relationship between muscle groups.
  • As the leg drives forward, the quadriceps contract concentrically to extend the knee while the hamstrings undergo eccentric contraction to control the movement.
  • During the recovery phase, the hamstrings contract concentrically to initiate knee flexion while the quadriceps lengthen eccentrically.
  • This alternating pattern of concentric and eccentric contractions allows for controlled movement and efficient force production throughout the running stride.
Show Worked Solution

Sample Answer

  • During the running stride, the hamstrings and quadriceps demonstrate the antagonistic relationship between muscle groups.
  • As the leg drives forward, the quadriceps contract concentrically to extend the knee while the hamstrings undergo eccentric contraction to control the movement.
  • During the recovery phase, the hamstrings contract concentrically to initiate knee flexion while the quadriceps lengthen eccentrically.
  • This alternating pattern of concentric and eccentric contractions allows for controlled movement and efficient force production throughout the running stride.

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 29

Name THREE major muscles of the upper body and outline their primary functions.   (3 marks)

Show Answers Only

Sample Answer

  • The deltoid abducts the arm at the shoulder.
  • The pectoralis major is responsible for horizontal flexion and internal rotation of the arm.
  • The latissimus dorsi extends and adducts the arm at the shoulder joint.
Show Worked Solution

Sample Answer

  • The deltoid abducts the arm at the shoulder.
  • The pectoralis major is responsible for horizontal flexion and internal rotation of the arm.
  • The latissimus dorsi extends and adducts the arm at the shoulder joint.

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 28 MC

During a push-up, the pectoralis major:

  1. Contracts eccentrically during the downward phase and concentrically during the upward phase.
  2. Contracts concentrically during the downward phase and eccentrically during the upward phase.
  3. Acts as a stabiliser throughout the entire movement.
  4. Works as an antagonist to the deltoid muscle.
Show Answers Only

\(A\)

Show Worked Solution

Consider Option A:

  • Lowering (downward phase), the pectoralis major lengthens while controlling the descent (eccentric)
  • Pushing up (upward phase), the pectoralis major shortens to push the body up (concentric)

Other Options:

  • B:  Incorrect because it reverses the contraction types
  • C:  Incorrect because the pectoralis major is a prime mover, not a stabilizer in this movement
  • D:  Incorrect because the pectoralis major and deltoid actually work together as agonists in this movement

\(\Rightarrow A\)

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 27 MC

Which pair of muscles work together in an agonist-antagonist relationship?

  1. Deltoid and trapezius
  2. Biceps and gastrocnemius
  3. Triceps and biceps brachii
  4. Quadriceps and deltoid
Show Answers Only

\(C\)

Show Worked Solution

Consider Option C:

  • These muscles work in direct opposition at the elbow joint – biceps flexes while triceps extends

Other Options:

  • A:  Incorrect because deltoid and trapezius work in different regions and don’t form an antagonistic pair
  • B:  Incorrect because biceps and gastrocnemius work at different joints (elbow and ankle respectively)
  • D:  Incorrect because quadriceps and deltoid work at different joints (knee and shoulder respectively)

\(\Rightarrow C\)

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 26 MC

The muscle group indicated in the image below is primarily responsible for:

  1. Hip flexion
  2. Knee extension
  3. Knee flexion
  4. Hip extension
Show Answers Only

\(B\)

Show Worked Solution

Consider Option B:

  • The quadriceps (specifically rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius) are the primary knee extensors

Other Options:

  • A:  Incorrect because hip flexion is primarily performed by the iliopsoas
  • C:  Incorrect because knee flexion is performed by the hamstring muscle group
  • D:  Incorrect because hip extension is primarily performed by the gluteus maximus and hamstrings

\(\Rightarrow B\)