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HMS, BM 2012 HSC 17 MC

Athletes are filmed executing a skill. They then watch the film and correct their techniques based upon what they observed.

What type of feedback is this?

  1. Internal and concurrent
  2. External and concurrent
  3. Internal and delayed
  4. External and delayed
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\(D\)

Show Worked Solution
  • D is correct: Video feedback is external (from outside source) and delayed (after performance).

Other Options:

  • A is incorrect: Video feedback comes from external source, not internal feelings.
  • B is incorrect: Watching film occurs after performance, not concurrently.
  • C is incorrect: Video feedback is external, not internal sensory information.

HMS, BM 2013 HSC 12 MC

Which types of feedback are received by a runner who checks her time after crossing the finish line?

  1. Concurrent and knowledge of performance
  2. Concurrent and knowledge of results
  3. Delayed and knowledge of performance
  4. Delayed and knowledge of results
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\(D\)

Show Worked Solution
  • D is correct: Time checking occurs after completion (delayed) showing outcome (results).

Other Options:

  • A is incorrect: Performance feedback relates to technique, not time outcome.
  • B is incorrect: Concurrent feedback occurs during performance, not after.
  • C is incorrect: Performance feedback concerns technique quality, not finishing time.

HMS, BM 2014 HSC 15 MC

Which of the following would be suitable for enhancing the performance of an autonomous athlete?

  1. Self-paced and distributed practice
  2. Closed skills and delayed feedback
  3. Distributed practice and delayed feedback
  4. Concurrent feedback and tactical development
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\(D\)

Show Worked Solution
  • D is correct: Autonomous athletes benefit from concurrent feedback for tactical adjustments.

Other Options:

  • A is incorrect: Doesn’t address the tactical needs of autonomous athletes.
  • B is incorrect: Delayed feedback timing isn’t optimal for tactical development.
  • C is incorrect: Delayed feedback less useful for real-time tactical enhancement.

HMS, BM 2016 HSC 24

  1. Outline the stages of skill acquisition.   (3 marks)

  2. Outline, using specific examples, the types of feedback that are appropriate at each stage of skill acquisition.   (4 marks)

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a.    Stages of skill acquisition

  • Cognitive stage involves beginners learning basic movement patterns with frequent errors and slow performance. Learners require significant mental concentration to understand fundamental skill requirements and movement sequences.
  • Associative stage features improved skill consistency with fewer errors and increased movement fluency. Learners can identify some mistakes and make basic corrections to their technique during practice sessions.
  • Autonomous stage demonstrates automatic skill execution with minimal conscious thought and very few errors. Learners perform skills fluently whilst focusing attention on tactical and strategic performance elements.

b.    Types of feedback

  • Cognitive stage requires external and knowledge of performance feedback to correct major technique errors. For example, a swimming coach provides verbal instructions about arm positioning during freestyle stroke practice sessions.
  • Associative stage benefits from delayed and knowledge of performance feedback allowing self-correction development. For example, a tennis player watches video footage after practice to analyse their serve technique and identify improvement areas.
  • Autonomous stage utilises internal and concurrent feedback for fine-tuning performance during skill execution. For example, an experienced basketball player feels their shooting motion and adjusts follow-through based on immediate sensory information.

Show Worked Solution

a.    Stages of skill acquisition

  • Cognitive stage involves beginners learning basic movement patterns with frequent errors and slow performance. Learners require significant mental concentration to understand fundamental skill requirements and movement sequences.
  • Associative stage features improved skill consistency with fewer errors and increased movement fluency. Learners can identify some mistakes and make basic corrections to their technique during practice sessions.
  • Autonomous stage demonstrates automatic skill execution with minimal conscious thought and very few errors. Learners perform skills fluently whilst focusing attention on tactical and strategic performance elements.

b.    Types of feedback

  • Cognitive stage requires external and knowledge of performance feedback to correct major technique errors. For example, a swimming coach provides verbal instructions about arm positioning during freestyle stroke practice sessions.
  • Associative stage benefits from delayed and knowledge of performance feedback allowing self-correction development. For example, a tennis player watches video footage after practice to analyse their serve technique and identify improvement areas.
  • Autonomous stage utilises internal and concurrent feedback for fine-tuning performance during skill execution. For example, an experienced basketball player feels their shooting motion and adjusts follow-through based on immediate sensory information.

HMS, BM 2018 HSC 11 MC

A softball coach asks a player to throw 20 pitches over the plate. At the end of the session, the coach tells the player how many of the 20 pitches went over the plate.

The coach is providing

  1. subjective appraisal.
  2. concurrent feedback.
  3. knowledge of results.
  4. knowledge of performance.
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\(C\)

Show Worked Solution

  • C is correct: Knowledge of results provides information about the outcome achieved (successful pitches).

Other Options:

  • A is incorrect: This is objective measurement data, not subjective opinion.
  • B is incorrect: Concurrent feedback occurs during performance, not after completion.
  • D is incorrect: Knowledge of performance relates to technique quality, not outcome success.

HMS, BM 2024 HSC 7 MC

After training, an elite athlete watches a video recording of their gymnastics routine.

Which TWO types of feedback is the athlete receiving from the video?

  1. Internal feedback and concurrent feedback
  2. External feedback and concurrent feedback
  3. Internal feedback and knowledge of performance
  4. External feedback and knowledge of performance
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\(D\)

Show Worked Solution
  • D is correct: Provides external feedback (outside athlete) and knowledge of performance (how the skill was performed, not just the result).

Other Options:

  • A and C are incorrect: Video is external feedback, not internal.
  • B is incorrect: The feedback is delayed (after training), not concurrent.

♦♦ Mean mark 42%.

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 602 MC

A swimming coach films an athlete's technique and reviews it with them after practice, highlighting specific aspects of their stroke that need refinement. This represents:

  1. Concurrent augmented feedback
  2. Delayed augmented feedback
  3. Concurrent task-intrinsic feedback
  4. Delayed task-intrinsic feedback
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\(B\)

Show Worked Solution
  • B is correct: Delayed augmented feedback is provided after performance (not during) and comes from an external source (the coach and video replay).

Other Options:

  • A is incorrect: Concurrent feedback happens during performance, not after practice as described.
  • C is incorrect: Task-intrinsic feedback comes from internal sensory mechanisms, not external sources like a coach or video.
  • D is incorrect: Task-intrinsic feedback is internal, not external like coach feedback and video review.

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 601 MC

During a tennis match, a recreational player observes the scoreboard after each point. This represents:

  1. Knowledge of results
  2. Knowledge of performance
  3. Task-intrinsic feedback
  4. Concurrent feedback
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\(A\)

Show Worked Solution
  • A is correct: Knowledge of results provides information about the outcome of the skill execution (the point outcome) rather than the quality of technique used, which is what the scoreboard displays.

Other Options:

  • B is incorrect: Knowledge of performance relates to technique quality rather than simply the outcome.
  • C is incorrect: Task-intrinsic feedback comes from internal proprioceptive mechanisms, not external scoreboard information.
  • D is incorrect: Concurrent feedback occurs simultaneously with performance, while scoreboard feedback is observed after each point is completed.

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 600 MC

An elite gymnast feels a slight imbalance during a handstand and automatically adjusts their weight distribution to maintain the position. This adjustment demonstrates:

  1. Augmented feedback
  2. Knowledge of results
  3. Delayed feedback
  4. Task-intrinsic feedback
Show Answers Only

\(D\)

Show Worked Solution
  •  D is correct: Task-intrinsic feedback occurs through proprioceptive mechanisms (internal senses) during skill execution. This allows athletes to detect and correct errors.

Other Options:

  • A is incorrect: Augmented feedback comes from external sources, not internal sensory information.
  • B is incorrect: Knowledge of results relates to the outcome of a skill, not the sensory information during execution.
  • C is incorrect: Delayed feedback occurs after execution, not during the skill as described in this scenario.

HMS, BM 2022 HSC 9 MC

During a game of touch football, a skilled player successfully passes the ball in a high-pressure situation.

Which of the following identifies the types of feedback the player is most likely to have experienced?

  1. Intrinsic, delayed and knowledge of results
  2. Extrinsic, delayed and knowledge of results
  3. Intrinsic, concurrent and knowledge of performance
  4. Extrinsic, concurrent and knowledge of performance
Show Answers Only

\( C \)

Show Worked Solution
  • C is correct: Player feels ball contact and body position during performance.

Other Options:

  • A is incorrect: Feedback occurs during performance, not delayed.
  • B is incorrect: Internal body sensations, not external sources.
  • D is incorrect: Internal sensations from player, not external sources.

♦ Mean mark 50%.