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Probability, MET1 2009 VCAA 5

Four identical balls are numbered 1, 2, 3 and 4 and put into a box. A ball is randomly drawn from the box, and not returned to the box. A second ball is then randomly drawn from the box.

  1. What is the probability that the first ball drawn is numbered 4 and the second ball drawn is numbered 1?  (1 mark)

  2. What is the probability that the sum of the numbers on the two balls is 5?  (1 mark)

  3. Given that the sum of the numbers on the two balls is 5, what is the probability that the second ball drawn is numbered 1?  (2 marks)

Show Answers Only

  1. `1/12`
  2. `1/3`
  3. `1/4`

Show Worked Solution

a.   `text(Pr) (4, 1)`

`= 1/4 xx 1/3`

`= 1/12`

 

b.   `text(Pr) (text(Sum) = 5)`

`= text(Pr) (1, 4) + text(Pr) (2, 3) + text(Pr) (3, 2) + text(Pr) (4, 1)`

`= 4 xx (1/4 xx 1/3)`

`= 1/3`

 

c.   `text(Conditional Probability)`

♦ Mean mark 46%.

`text(Pr) (2^{text(nd)} = 1\ |\ text(Sum) = 5)`

`= (text{Pr} (4, 1))/(text{Pr} (text(Sum) = 5))`

`= (1/12)/(1/3)`

`= 1/4`

Calculus, MET1 2010 VCAA 9

Part of the graph of  `f: R^+ -> R, \ f(x) = x log_e (x)`  is shown below.

vcaa-2010-meth-9a

  1. Find the derivative of  `x^2 log_e (x)`.   (1 mark)

  2. Use your answer to part a. to find the area of the shaded region in the form  `a log_e (b) + c`  where `a, b` and `c` are non-zero real constants.   (3 marks)

Show Answers Only
  1. `x + 2x log_e (x)`
  2. `(9/2 log_e (3)-2)\ text(u²)`
Show Worked Solution

a.   `text(Using Product Rule:)`

`(fg)^{′}` `= f g^{′} + f^{′} g`
`d/(dx) (x^2 log_e (x))` `= x^2 (1/x) + 2x log_e (x)`
  `= x + 2x log_e (x)`

 

b.   `text{Integrating the answer from part (a):}`

`int (x + 2x log_e (x))\ dx` `= x^2 log_e (x)`
`1/2 x^2 + 2 int x log_e (x)\ dx` `= x^2 log_e (x)`
`2 int x log_e (x)\ dx` `= x^2 log_e (x)-1/2 x^2`
`:. int x log_e (x)\ dx` `= 1/2 x^2 log_e (x)-1/4 x^2`
♦♦ Mean mark 33%.
MARKER’S COMMENT: The most common error was not dividing everything through by 2. Be careful!

 

`:.\ text(Area)` `= int_1^3 (x log_e (x)) dx`
  `= [1/2 x^2 log_e (x)-1/4 x^2]_1^3`
  `= (9/2 log_e (3)-9/4)-(0-1/4)`
  `= (9/2 log_e (3)-2)\ \ text(u²)`

Calculus, MET1 2010 VCAA 1a

Differentiate  `x^3 e^(2x)`  with respect to `x`.   (2 marks)

Show Answers Only

`3x^2 e^(2x) + 2x^3 e^(2x)`

Show Worked Solution

    `text(Using Product rule:)`

`(fg)^{prime}` `= f^{prime}g + fg^{prime}`
`d/(dx) (x^3 e^(2x))` `= 3x^2 e^(2x) + 2x^3 e^(2x)`

Functions, MET1 2011 VCAA 4

If the function `f` has the rule  `f(x) = sqrt (x^2-9)`  and the function `g` has the rule  `g(x) = x + 5`

  1.  find integers `c` and `d` such that  `f(g(x)) = sqrt {(x + c) (x + d)}`  (2 marks)

  2.  state the maximal domain for which `f(g(x))` is defined.   (2 marks)

Show Answers Only
  1. `c = 2, d = 8 or c = 8, d = 2`
  2. `x in (– oo, – 8] uu [– 2, oo)`
Show Worked Solution
a.   `f(g(x))` `= sqrt {(x + 5)^2-9}`
    `= sqrt (x^2 + 10x + 16)`
    `= sqrt {(x + 2) (x + 8)}`

 
 `:. c = 2, d = 8 or c = 8, d = 2`

 

b.   `text(Find)\ x\ text(such that:)`

♦♦♦ Mean mark 13%.
MARKER’S COMMENT: “Very poorly answered” with a common response of `[-3,3)` that ignored the information from part (a).

`(x+2)(x+8) >= 0`
 

 vcaa-2011-meth-4ii

`(x + 2) (x + 8) >= 0\ \ text(when)`

`x <= -8 or x >= -2`

`:.\ text(Maximal domain is:)`

`x in (– oo, – 8] uu [– 2, oo)`

Calculus, MET1 2012 VCAA 9

  1. Let  `f: R -> R,\ \ f(x) = x sin (x)`.
  2. Find  `f^{prime} (x)`.   (1 mark)

  3. Use the result of part a. to find the value of  `int_(pi/6)^(pi/2) x cos (x)\ dx`  in the form  `a pi + b`.   (3 marks)

Show Answers Only
  1. `x cos (x) + sin (x)`
  2. `(5 pi)/12-sqrt 3/2`
Show Worked Solution

a.   `f(x)=x sin(x)`

`text(Using Product Rule:)`

`(gh)^{prime}` `= g^{prime}h + g h^{prime}`
`:. f^{prime}(x)` `= x cos (x) + sin (x)`

 

b.   `text(Integrating)\ \ f^{prime}(x)\ \ text{from part (a),}`

`int (x cos (x) + sin (x))\ dx` `= x sin (x)`
`int (x cos x)\ dx-cos (x)` `= x sin (x)`
`:. int (x cos x)\ dx` `= x sin (x) + cos x`

   
`text(Evaluate definite integral:)`

`int_(pi/6)^(pi/2) (x cos x) dx`

`= [x sin (x) + cos (x)]_(pi/6)^(pi/2)`

`= (pi/2 sin (pi/2) + cos (pi/2))-(pi/6 sin (pi/6) + cos (pi/6))`

`= (pi/2 + 0)-(pi/6 xx 1/2 + sqrt 3/2)`

`= (5 pi)/12-sqrt 3/2`

Functions, MET1 2012 VCAA 6

The graphs of  `y = cos (x) and y = a sin (x)`,  where `a` is a real constant, have a point of intersection at  `x = pi/3.`

  1. Find the value of `a`.  (2 marks)

  2. If  `x in [0, 2 pi]`, find the `x`-coordinate of the other point of intersection of the two graphs.  (1 mark)

Show Answers Only
  1. `1/sqrt 3`
  2. `(4 pi)/3`
Show Worked Solution

a.   `text(Intersection occurs when)\ \ x=pi/3,`

`a sin(pi/3)` `= cos (pi/3)`
`tan(pi/3)` `= 1/a`
`sqrt 3` `=1/a`
`:. a` `=1/sqrt3`

 

b.   `tan (x)` `= sqrt 3`
  `x` `= pi/3, (4 pi)/3, 2pi+ pi/3, …\ text(but)\ x in [0, 2 pi]`
  `:. x` `= (4 pi)/3`

Probability, MET1 2012 VCAA 4

On any given day, the number `X` of telephone calls that Daniel receives is a random variable with probability distribution given by

vcaa-2012-meth-4

  1. Find the mean of `X`.   (2 marks)

  2. What is the probability that Daniel receives only one telephone call on each of three consecutive days?   (1 mark)

  3. Daniel receives telephone calls on both Monday and Tuesday.
  4. What is the probability that Daniel receives a total of four calls over these two days?   (3 marks)

Show Answers Only

  1. `1.5`
  2. `0.008`
  3. `29/64`

Show Worked Solution

a.    `text(E) (X)` `= 0 xx 0.2 + 1 xx 0.2 + 2 xx 0.5 + 3 xx 0.1`
    `= 0 + .2 + 1 + 0.3`
    `= 1.5`

 

b.   `text(Pr) (1, 1, 1)`

MARKER’S COMMENT: Many students understood that the calculation of 0.2³ was required but were not able evaluate correctly.

`= 0.2 xx 0.2 xx 0.2`

`= 0.008`

 

c.   `text(Conditional Probability:)`

♦ Mean mark 36%.

`text(Pr) (x = 4 | x >= 1\ text{both days})`

`= (text{Pr} (1, 3) + text{Pr} (2, 2) + text{Pr} (3, 1))/(text{Pr}(x>=1\ text{both days}))`

`= (0.2 xx 0.1 + 0.5 xx 0.5 + 0.1 xx 0.2)/(0.8 xx 0.8)`

`= (0.02 + 0.25 + 0.02)/0.64`

`= 0.29/0.64`

`= 29/64`

Functions, MET1 2012 VCAA 3

The rule for function  `h`  is  `h(x) = 2x^3 + 1.`  Find the rule for the inverse function  `h^-1.`   (2 marks)

Show Answers Only

`h^-1 (x) = root 3 ((x-1)/2),\ \ x in R`

Show Worked Solution

`h(x) = 2x^3+1,\ \ text(let)\ \ y = 2x^3+1,`

MARKER’S COMMENT: “It is important” students do not proceed directly from  `y-2x^3+1`  to  `x=2y^3+1`. See approach shown in working.

`text(For inverse, swap)\ x harr y`

`x` `= 2y^3 + 1`
`y^3` `= (x-1)/2`
`y` `= root 3 ((x-1)/2)`
`:. h^-1 (x)` `= root 3 ((x-1)/2),\ \ x in R`

Calculus, MET1 2014 VCAA 5

Consider the function  `f:[−1,3] -> R`,  `f(x) = 3x^2-x^3`.

  1. Find the coordinates of the stationary points of the function.   (2 marks)

  2. On the axes  below, sketch the graph of `f`.

     

    Label any end points with their coordinates.   (2 marks)

     

     
        met1-2014-vcaa-q5

     

  3. Find the area enclosed by the graph of the function and the horizontal line given by  `y = 4`.   (3 marks)

Show Answers Only
  1. `(0, 0) and (2, 4)`
  2.  
    met1-2014-vcaa-q5-answer3
  3. `27/4\ text(u²)`
Show Worked Solution
a.    `text(SP’s occur when)\ \ f^{′}(x)` `= 0`
`6x-3x^2`  `= 0` 
 `3x(2-x)` `=0`

`x = 0,\ \ text(or)\ \ 2`
 

`:.\ text{Coordinates are (0, 0) and (2, 4)}`

 

b.    met1-2014-vcaa-q5-answer3

 

♦ Mean mark (c) 48%.
c.    met1-2014-vcaa-q5-answer4

`text(Solution 1)`

`text(Area)` `= int_(−1)^2 4-(3x^2-x^3)dx`
  `= int_(−1)^2 4-3x^2 + x^3dx`
  `= [4x-x^3 + 1/4x^4]_(−1)^2`
  `= (8-8 + 4)-(−4-(−1) + 1/4)`
   
`:.\ text(Area)` `= 27/4 text(units²)`

 

`text(Solution 2)`

`text(Area)` `= 12-int_(−1)^2(3x^2-x^3)dx`
  `= 12-[x^3-1/4 x^4]_(−1)^2`
  `= 12-[(8-4)-(−1-1/4)]`
  `= 27/4\ text(units²)`

Probability, MET1 2015 VCAA 8

For events `A` and `B` from a sample space, `text(Pr)(A | B) = 3/4`  and  `text(Pr)(B) = 1/3`.

  1. Calculate  `text(Pr)(A ∩ B)`.   (1 mark)

  2. Calculate  `text(Pr)(A^{′} ∩ B)`, where `A^{′}` denotes the complement of `A`.   (1 mark)

  3. If events `A` and `B` are independent, calculate  `text(Pr)(A ∪ B)`.   (1 mark)

Show Answers Only

  1. `1/4`
  2. `1/12`
  3. `5/6`

Show Worked Solution

a.   `text(Using Conditional Probability:)`

`text(Pr)(A | B)` `= (text(Pr)(A ∩ B))/(text(Pr)(B))`
`3/4` `= (text(Pr)(A ∩ B))/(1/3)`
`:. text(Pr)(A ∩ B)` `= 1/4`

 

b.    met1-2015-vcaa-q8-answer
`text(Pr)(A^{′} ∩ B)` `= text(Pr)(B)-text(Pr)(A ∩B)`
  `= 1/3-1/4`
  `= 1/12`

 

c.   `text(If)\ A, B\ text(independent)`

♦♦ Mean mark 28%.
MARKER’S COMMENT: A lack of understanding of independent events was clearly evident.

`text(Pr)(A ∩ B)` `= text(Pr)(A) xx Pr(B)`
`1/4` `= text(Pr)(A) xx 1/3`
`:. text(Pr)(A)` `= 3/4`

 

`text(Pr)(A ∪ B)` `= text(Pr)(A) + text(Pr)(B)-text(Pr)(A ∩ B)`
  `= 3/4 + 1/3-1/4`
`:. text(Pr)(A ∪ B)` `= 5/6`

Calculus, MET1 2015 VCAA 4

Consider the function  `f:[-3,2] -> R, \ \ f(x) = 1/2(x^3 + 3x^2-4)`.

  1. Find the coordinates of the stationary points of the function.   (2 marks)

The rule for  `f` can also be expressed as  `f(x) = 1/2(x-1)(x + 2)^2`.

  1. On the axes below, sketch the graph of  `f`, clearly indicating axis intercepts and turning points.

     

    Label the end points with their coordinates.   (2 marks)


      

    met1-2015-vcaa-q4
     

  2. Find the average value of  `f` over the interval  `0<=x<=2.`   (2 marks)

Show Answers Only
  1. `(0,-2), (-2,0)`
  2.  

     

    met1-2015-vcaa-q4-answer

  3. `1`
Show Worked Solution

a.   `text(Stationary points when)\ \ f^{prime}(x)=0,`

`1/2(3x^2 + 6x)` `= 0`
`3x(x + 2)` `= 0`

 

`:. x = 0, -2`

 

`:.\ text(Coordinates of stationary points:)`

`(0, -2), (-2,0)`

 

b.    met1-2015-vcaa-q4-answer
♦ Part (c) mean mark 50%.
MARKER’S COMMENT: Most students recalled the average value definition but then did not integrate correctly.

 

c.    `text(Avg value)` `= 1/(2-0) int_0^2 f(x) dx`
    `= 1/2 int_0^2 1/2(x^3 + 3x^2-4)dx`
    `= 1/4[1/4x^4 + x^3-4x]_0^2`
    `= 1/4[(16/4 + 2^3-4(2))-0]`
    `= 1`

CORE*, FUR2 2006 VCAA 1

A company purchased a machine for $60 000.

For taxation purposes the machine is depreciated over time.

Two methods of depreciation are considered.

  1. Flat rate depreciation

    The machine is depreciated at a flat rate of 10% of the purchase price each year.

    i.      By how many dollars will the machine depreciate annually?   (1 mark)

    ii.  Calculate the value of the machine after three years.   (1 mark)

  2. iii. After how many years will the machine be $12 000 in value?   (1 mark)

  3. Reducing balance depreciation

    The value, `V`, of the machine after `n` years is given by the formula `V=60\ 000 xx(0.85)^n`.

    i.      By what percentage will the machine depreciate annually?   (1 mark)

    ii.  Calculate the value of the machine after three years.   (1 mark)

  4. iii. At the end of which year will the machine's value first fall below $12 000?   (1 mark)

  1. At the end of which year will the value of the machine first be less using flat rate depreciation than it will be using reducing balance depreciation?  (2 marks)

Show Answers Only
  1. i.   `$6000`
    ii.  `$42\ 000`
    iii. `8\ text(years)`
  2. i.   `text(15%)` 
    ii.      `$36\ 847.50`
    iii. `10\ text(years)`
  3. `text(7th year)`
Show Worked Solution
a.i.    `text(Annual depreciation)` `= 10text(%) xx 60\ 000`
    `= $6000`

a.ii.   `text(After 3 years,)`

`text(Value)` `= 60\ 000-(3 xx 6000)`
  `= $42\ 000`

a.iii.   `text(Find)\ n\ text(when value = $12 000)`

`12\ 000` `= 60\ 000-6000 xx n`
`6000n` `= 48\ 000`
`:.n` `=(48\ 000)/6000`
  `= 8\ text(years)`

 

b.i.    `1-r` `= 0.85`
   `r` `= 0.15`

`:.\ text(Annual depreciation is 15%.)`
  

b.ii.   `text(After 3 years,)`

`text(Value)` `= 60\ 000 xx (0.85)^3`
  `= $36\ 847.50`

 

b.iii.   `text(Find)\ n\ text(when)\ \ V = $12\ 000`

`12\ 000` `= 60\ 000 xx (0.85)^n`
`(0.85)^n` `= 0.2`
`:. n` `= 9.90…\ \ text(years)`

  
`:.\ text(Machine value falls below $12 000)`

`text(after 10 years.)`
  

c.   `text(Sketching both graphs,)`

BUSINESS, FUR2 2006 VCAA 1 Answer

`text(From the graph, at the end of the 7th year the)`

`text(value using flat rate drops below reducing)`

`text(balance for the 1st time.)`

CORE*, FUR2 2007 VCAA 3

Khan paid $900 for a fax machine.

This price includes 10% GST (goods and services tax).

  1. Determine the price of the fax machine before GST was added. Write your answer correct to the nearest cent.  (1 mark)

  2. Khan will depreciate his $900 fax machine for taxation purposes.
  3. He considers two methods of depreciation.
  4. Flat rate depreciation
  5. Under flat rate depreciation the fax machine will be valued at $300 after five years.
    1. Calculate the annual depreciation in dollars.   (1 mark)
    2. ii. Determine the value of the fax machine after five years.   (1 mark)

Show Answers Only

  1. `$818.18`
  2. i. `$120`
    ii. `$325` 

Show Worked Solution

a.   `text(Let $)P = text(price ex-GST)`

MARKER’S COMMENT: Reverse GST questions continue to cause problems for many students.

`:. P + 10text(%)P` `= 900`
`1.1P` `= 900`
`P` `= 900/1.1`
  `= 818.181…`
  `= $818.18\ \ text(nearest cent)`

  
b.i.   `text(Annual depreciation)`

`= ((900-300))/5`

`= $120`

 

b.ii.   `text(Value after 5 years)`

`= 900-(250 xx 0.46 xx 5)`

`= $325`

CORE*, FUR2 2007 VCAA 1

Khan wants to buy some office furniture that is valued at $7000.

    1. A store requires 25% deposit. Calculate the deposit.   (1 mark)
    2. The balance is to be paid in 24 equal monthly instalments. No interest is charged.
    3. Determine the amount of each instalment. Write your answer in dollars and cents.   (1 mark)

Another store offers the same $7000 office furniture for $500 deposit and 36 monthly instalments of $220.

 

    1. Determine the total amount paid for the furniture at this store.   (1 mark)
    2. Calculate the annual flat rate of interest charged by this store.
    3. Write your answer as a percentage correct to one decimal place.   (2 marks)

A third store has the office furniture marked at $7000 but will give 15% discount if payment is made in cash at the time of sale.

  1. Calculate the cash price paid for the furniture after the discount is applied.   (1 mark) 

Show Answers Only

  1. i.  `$1750`
  2. ii.`$218.75`
  3. i.  `$8420`
  4. ii.  `7.3text{%}`
  5. `$5950`

Show Worked Solution

a.i.    `text(Deposit)` `= 25text(%) xx 7000`
    `= $1750`

 
a.ii.   `text(Installment amount)`

`= ((7000-1750))/24`

`= $218.75`
 

b.i.    `text(Total paid)` `= 500 + 36 xx 220`
    `= $8420`

 

b.ii.   `text(Total interest paid)`

`= 8420-7000`

`= $1420`

 

`I` `= (PrT)/100`
`1420` `= (6500 xx r xx 3)/100`
`:. r` `= (1420 xx 100)/(6500 xx 3)`
  `= 7.282…`
  `= 7.3text{%  (1 d.p.)}`

 

c.    `text(Cash price)` `= 7000-15text(%) xx 7000`
    `= 7000-1050`
    `= $5950`

GRAPHS, FUR2 2007 VCAA 2

The Goldsmiths’ car can use either petrol or gas. 

The following equation models the fuel usage of petrol, `P`, in litres per 100 km (L/100 km) when the car is travelling at an average speed of `s` km/h.

`P = 12 - 0.02s`

The line  `P = 12 - 0.02s`  is drawn on the graph below for average speeds up to 110 km/h.

GRAPHS, FUR2 2007 VCAA 2

  1. Determine how many litres of petrol the car will use to travel 100 km at an average speed of 60 km/h.

     

    Write your answer correct to one decimal place.  (1 mark)

The following equation models the fuel usage of gas, `G`, in litres per 100 km (L/100 km) when the car is travelling at an average speed of `s` km/h.

`G = 15 - 0.06s`

  1. On the axes above, draw the line  `G = 15 - 0.06s`  for average speeds up to 110 km/h.  (1 mark)
  2. Determine the average speeds for which fuel usage of gas will be less than fuel usage of petrol.  (1 mark)

The Goldsmiths'’ car travels at an average speed of 85 km/h. It is using gas.

Gas costs 80 cents per litre.

  1. Determine the cost of the gas used to travel 100 km.

     

    Write your answer in dollars and cents.  (2 marks)

Show Answers Only
  1. `10.8\ text(litres)`
  2.  
    GRAPHS, FUR2 2007 VCAA 2 Answer
  3. `text(75 km/hr) < text(speed) <= 110\ text(km/hr)`
  4. `$7.92`
Show Worked Solution

a.   `text(When)\ S = 60\ text(km/hr)`

`P` `= 12 – 0.02 xx 60`
  `= 10.8\ text(litres)`

 

b.   `text(When)\ s = 110,`

`G = 15 – 0.06 xx 100 = 8.4`

`:.\ text{(0, 15) and (110, 8.4) are on the line}`

GRAPHS, FUR2 2007 VCAA 2 Answer

 

c.   `text(Intersection of graphs occur when)`

MARKER’S COMMENT: Since fuel usage is less for gas, a speed of 75 km/hr was incorrect, as it was equal.
`12 – 0.02s` `= 15 – 0.06s`
`0.04s` `= 3`
`s` `= 75`

 

`:.\ text(Gas usage is less than fuel for)`

`text(average speeds over 75 km/hr.)`

 

d.   `text(When)\ x = 85,`

`text(Gas usage)` `= 15 – 0.06 xx 85`
  `= 9.9\ text(L/100 km.)`

 

`:.\ text(C)text(ost of gas for 100km journey)`

`= 9.9 xx 0.80`

`= $7.92`

GRAPHS, FUR2 2007 VCAA 1

The Goldsmith family are going on a driving holiday in Western Australia.

On the first day, they leave home at 8 am and drive to Watheroo then Geraldton.

The distance––time graph below shows their journey to Geraldton.

GRAPHS, FUR2 2007 VCAA 1

At 9.30 am the Goldsmiths arrive at Watheroo.

They stop for a period of time.

  1. For how many minutes did they stop at Watheroo?  (1 mark)

After leaving Watheroo, the Goldsmiths continue their journey and arrive in Geraldton at 12 pm.

  1. What distance (in kilometres) do they travel between Watheroo and Geraldton?  (1 mark)
  2. Calculate the Goldsmiths'’ average speed (in km/h) when travelling between Watheroo and Geraldton.  (1 mark)

The Goldsmiths leave Geraldton at 1 pm and drive to Hamelin. They travel at a constant speed of 80 km/h for three hours. They do not make any stops.

  1. On the graph above, draw a line segment representing their journey from Geraldton to Hamelin.  (1 mark)

 

Show Answers Only
  1. `text(30 minutes)`
  2. `190 \ text(km)`
  3. `95\ text(km/hr)`
  4.  
    GRAPHS, FUR2 2007 VCAA 1 Answer
Show Worked Solution

a.   `text(30 minutes)`

 

b.   `text(Distance travelled)`

`= 310 – 120`

`= 190\ text(km)`

 

c.   `text(Time taken = 2 hours)`

`:.\ text(Average speed)` `= 190/2`
  `= 95\ text(km/hr)`

 

d.    GRAPHS, FUR2 2007 VCAA 1 Answer

 

Calculus, MET2 2010 VCAA 1

  1. Part of the graph of the function  `g: (-4, oo) -> R,\ g(x) = 2 log_e (x + 4) + 1`  is shown on the axes below

     

         

    1. Find the rule and domain of  `g^-1`, the inverse function of  `g`.   (3 marks)

    2. On the set of axes above sketch the graph of  `g^-1`. Label the axes intercepts with their exact values.   (3 marks)

    3. Find the values of `x`, correct to three decimal places, for which  `g^-1(x) = g(x)`.   (2 marks)

    4. Calculate the area enclosed by the graphs of  `g`  and  `g^-1`. Give your answer correct to two decimal places.   (2 marks)

  2. The diagram below shows part of the graph of the function with rule
  3.         `f (x) = k log_e (x + a) + c`, where `k`, `a` and `c` are real constants.
     

    • The graph has a vertical asymptote with equation  `x =-1`.
    • The graph has a y-axis intercept at 1.
    • The point `P` on the graph has coordinates  `(p, 10)`, where `p` is another real constant.
       

      VCAA 2010 1b

    1. State the value of `a`.   (1 mark)

    2. Find the value of `c`.   (1 mark)

    3. Show that  `k = 9/(log_e (p + 1)`.   (2 marks)

    4. Show that the gradient of the tangent to the graph of `f` at the point `P` is  `9/((p + 1) log_e (p + 1))`.   (1 mark)

    5. If the point  `(-1, 0)`  lies on the tangent referred to in part b.iv., find the exact value of `p`.   (2 marks)

Show Answers Only
  1.   i. `g^-1(x) = e^((x-1)/2)-4,\ \ x in R`
  2.  ii. 
     
  3. iii. `3.914 or 5.503`
  4. iv. `52.63\ text(units²)`
  5.   i. `1`
  6.  ii. `1`
  7. iii. `text(Proof)\ \ text{(See Worked Solutions)}`
  8.  iv. `text(Proof)\ \ text{(See Worked Solutions)}`
  9.   v. `e^(9/10)-1`
Show Worked Solution

a.i.   `text(Let)\ \ y = g(x)`

`text(Inverse:  swap)\ \ x harr y,\ \ text(Domain)\ (g^-1) = text(Range)\ (g)`

`x = 2 log_e (y + 4) + 1`

`:. g^{-1} (x) = e^((x-1)/2)-4,\ \ x in R`

 

ii.  

 

 iii.  `text(Intercepts of a function and its inverse occur)`

  `text(on the line)\ \ y=x.`

`text(Solve:)\ \ g(x) = g^{-1} (x)\ \ text(for)\ \ x`

`:. x dot = -3.914 or x = 5.503\ \ text{(3 d.p.)}`

 

  iv.   `text(Area)` `= int_(-3.91432…)^(5.50327…) (g(x)-g^-1 (x))\ dx`
    `= 52.63\ text{u²   (2 d.p.)}`

 

b.i.   `text(Vertical Asymptote:)`

`x =-1`

`:. a = 1`

 

  ii.   `text(Solve)\ \ f(0) = 1\ \ text(for)\ \ c,`

`c = 1`

 

iii.  `f(x)= k log_e (x + 1) + 1`

`text(S)text(ince)\ \ f(p)=10,`

`k log_e (p + 1) + 1` `= 10`
`k log_e (p + 1)` `= 9`
`:. k` `= 9/(log_e (p + 1))\ text(… as required)`

 

  iv.   `f^{′}(x)` `= k/(x + 1)`
  `f^{′}(p)` `= k/(p + 1)`
    `= (9/(log_e(p + 1))) xx 1/(p + 1)\ \ \ text{(using part (iii))}`
    `= 9/((p + 1)log_e(p + 1))\ text(… as required)`

 

  v.   `text(Two points on tangent line:)`

♦♦ Mean mark 33%.
MARKER’S COMMENT: Many students worked out the equation of the tangent which was unnecessary and time consuming.

`(p, 10),\ \ (-1, 0)`

`f^{′} (p)` `= (10-0)/(p-(-1))`
  `=10/(p+1)`

`text(Solve:)\ \ 9/((p + 1)log_e(p + 1))=10/(p+1)\ \ \ text(for)\ p,`

`:.p= e^(9/10)-1`

CORE*, FUR2 2008 VCAA 1

Michelle has a bank account that pays her simple interest.

The bank statement below shows the transactions on Michelle’s account for the month of July.
  


 

  1. What amount, in dollars, was deposited in cash on 11 July?   (1 mark)

Interest for this account is calculated on the minimum monthly balance at a rate of 3% per annum.

  1. Calculate the interest for July, correct to the nearest cent.   (2 marks)

Show Answers Only
  1. `$620`
  2. `$15.30`
Show Worked Solution
a.    `text(Deposit)` `= 6870.67-6250.67`
    `= $620`

 

b.   `text(Minimum Balance) = $6120.86`

`:.\ text(Interest)` `=(PrT)/100`
  `= 6120.86 xx 3/100 xx 1/12`
  `= 15.302…`
  `= $15.30`

GRAPHS, FUR2 2008 VCAA 3

An event involves running for 10 km and cycling for 30 km.

Let  `x`  be the time taken (in minutes) to run 10 km

 `y`  be the time taken (in minutes) to cycle 30 km

Event organisers set constraints on the time taken, in minutes, to run and cycle during the event.

Inequalities 1 to 6 below represent all time constraints on the event.

Inequality 1:   `x ≥ 0` Inequality 4:   `y <= 150`
Inequality 2:   `y ≥ 0` Inequality 5:   `y <= 1.5x`
Inequality 3:   `x ≤ 120` Inequality 6:   `y >= 0.8x`

 

  1. Explain the meaning of Inequality 3 in terms of the context of this problem.  (1 mark)

 

The lines  `y = 150`  and  `y = 0.8x`  are drawn on the graph below.

GRAPHS, FUR2 2008 VCAA 3

  1. On the graph above

     

    1. draw and label the lines  `x = 120`  and  `y = 1.5x`  (2 marks)
    2. clearly shade the feasible region represented by Inequalities 1 to 6.  (1 mark)

One competitor, Jenny, took 100 minutes to complete the run.

  1. Between what times, in minutes, can she complete the cycling and remain within the constraints set for the event?  (1 mark)
  2. Competitors who complete the event in 90 minutes or less qualify for a prize. 

     

    Tiffany qualified for a prize.

     

    1. Determine the maximum number of minutes for which Tiffany could have cycled.  (1 mark)
    2. Determine the maximum number of minutes for which Tiffany could have run.  (1 mark)
Show Answers Only
  1. `text(Inequality 3 means that the run must take)`
    `text(120 minutes or less for any competitor.)`
  2.  i. & ii.
    GRAPHS, FUR2 2008 VCAA 3 Answer
  3. `text(80 – 150 minutes)`
    1. `54\ text(minutes)`
    2. `50\ text(minutes)`
Show Worked Solution

a.   `text(Inequality 3 means that the run must take)`

`text(120 minutes or less for any competitor.)`

 

b.i. & ii.

GRAPHS, FUR2 2008 VCAA 3 Answer

 

c.   `text(From the graph, the possible cycling)`

♦♦ Mean mark of parts (c)-(d) (combined) was 19%.

`text(time range is between:)`

`text(80 – 150 minutes)`

 

d.i.   `text(Constraint to win a prize is)`

`x + y <= 90`

`text(Maximum cycling time occurs)`

`text(when)\ y = 1.5x`

`:. x + 1.5x` `<= 90`
`2.5x` `<= 90`
`x` `<= 36`

 

`:. y_(text(max))` `= 1.5 xx 36`
  `= 54\ text(minutes)`

 

d.ii.   `text(Maximum run time occurs)`

`text(when)\ \ y = 0.8x`

`:. x + 0.8x` `<= 90`
`1.8x` `<= 90`
`x` `<= 50`

 

`:. x_(text(max)) = 50\ text(minutes)`

GRAPHS, FUR2 2008 VCAA 2

Tiffany decides to enter a charity event involving running and cycling. 

There is a $35 fee to enter.

  1. Write an equation that gives the total amount, `R` dollars, collected from entry fees when there are `x` competitors in the event.  (1 mark)

The event costs the organisers $50 625 plus $12.50 per competitor.

  1. Write an equation that gives the total cost, `C`, in dollars, of the event when there are `x` competitors.  (1 mark)
    1. Determine the number of competitors required for the organisers to break even.  (1 mark)

The number of competitors who entered the event was 8670.

  1. Determine the profit made by the organisers.  (1 mark)
Show Answers Only
  1. `R = 35x`
  2. `C = 50\ 625 + 12.5x`
    1. `2250`
    2. `$144\ 450`
Show Worked Solution

a.   `R = 35x`

 

b.   `C = 50\ 625 + 12.50x`

 

c.i.   `text(Break even when)\ R = C`

`35x` `= 50\ 625 + 12.5x`
`22.5x` `= 50\ 625`
`x` `= (50\ 625)/22.5`
  `= 2250`

 

`:. 2250\ text(competitors required to break even.)`

 

c.ii.   `text(When)\ \ x = 8670,`

`text(Profit)` `= R – C`
  `= 35 xx 8670 – (50\ 625 + 12.5 xx 8670)`
  `= 303\ 450 – 159\ 000`
  `= $144\ 450`

GRAPHS, FUR2 2008 VCAA 1

Tiffany’s pulse rate (in beats/minute) during the first 60 minutes of a long-distance run is shown in the graph below.

GRAPHS, FUR2 2008 VCAA 1

  1. What was Tiffany’s pulse rate (in beats/minute) 15 minutes after she started her run?  (1 mark)
  2. By how much did Tiffany’s pulse rate increase over the first 60 minutes of her run?

     

    Write your answer in beats/minute.  (1 mark)

  3. The recommended maximum pulse rate for adults during exercise is determinded by subtracting the person’s age in years from 220.

     

    1. Write an equation in terms of the variables maximum pulse rate and age that can be used to determine a person’s recommended maximum pulse rate from his or her age.  (1 mark)

The target zone for aerobic exercise is between 60% and 75% of a person’s maximum pulse rate.

Tiffany is 20 years of age.

  1. Determine the values between which Tiffany’s pulse rate should remain so that she exercises within her target zone.

     

    Write your answers correct to the nearest whole number.  (1 mark)

Show Answers Only
  1. `110`
  2. `80`
    1. `text(Maximum pulse rate = 220 − age)`
    2. `text(Between 120 and 150)`
Show Worked Solution

a.   `text(110 beats/min)`

 

b.   `text(Increase of pulse rate)`

`=\ text(Rate at 60 min − initial rate)`

`= 150 – 70`

`= 80 \ text(beats/min)`

 

c.i.   `text(Maximum pulse rate = 220 − age)`

 

c.ii.   `text(Tiffany’s maximum pulse rate)`

`= 200 – 20`

`= 200\ text(beats/min)`

`=>\ text(Lower range) = 60text(%) xx 200 = 120`

`=>\ text(Higher range) = 75text(%) xx 200 = 150`

 

`:.\ text(Target range is 120 − 150 beats/min.)`

 

CORE*, FUR2 2009 VCAA 3

The golf club’s social committee has $3400 invested in an account which pays interest at the rate of 4.4% per annum compounding quarterly.

  1. Show that the interest rate per quarter is 1.1%.   (1 mark)

  2. Determine the value of the $3400 investment after three years.

     

    Write your answer in dollars correct to the nearest cent.   (1 mark)

  3. Calculate the interest the $3400 investment will earn over six years.

     

    Write your answer in dollars correct to the nearest cent.   (2 marks)

Show Answers Only
  1. `text(See Worked Solutions)`
  2. `$3876.97`
  3. `$1020.86`
Show Worked Solution

a.   `text(Interest rate per quarter)`

`= 4.4/4`

`= 1.1text(%  …as required.)`
 

b.   `text(Compounding periods = 12)`

`A` `= PR^n`
  `= 3400(1.011)^12`
  `= 3876.973…`
  `= $3876.97`

 

c.   `text(Compounding periods) = 6 xx 4 = 24`

`A` `= 3400(1.011)^24`
  `= 4420.858…`

 
`text(Interest earned over 6 years)`

`= 4420.86- 3400`

`= $1020.86\ \ text{(nearest cent)}`

CORE*, FUR2 2009 VCAA 2

Rebecca will need to borrow $250 to buy a golf bag.

  1. If she borrows the $250 on her credit card, she will pay interest at the rate of 1.5% per month.

     

    Calculate the interest Rebecca will pay in the first month.

     

    Write your answer correct to the nearest cent.   (1 mark)

  2. If Rebecca borrows the $250 from the store’s finance company she will pay $6 interest per month.

     

    Calculate the annual flat interest rate charged. Write your answer as a percentage correct to one decimal place.   (1 mark)

Show Answers Only
  1. `$3.75`
  2. ` text(28.8%)`
Show Worked Solution

a.   `text(Interest in the 1st month)`

`= 1.5text(%) xx 250`

`= $3.75`
 

b.   `text(Annual interest) = 12 xx 6 = $72`

`:.\ text(Annual flat interest rate)`

`= 72/250 xx 100text(%)`

`= 28.8text(%)`

CORE*, FUR2 2009 VCAA 1

The recommended retail price of a golf bag is $500. Rebecca sees the bag discounted by $120 at a sale.

  1. What is the price of the golf bag after the $120 discount has been applied?   (1 mark)

  2. Find the discount as a percentage of the recommended retail price.   ( 1 mark)

Show Answers Only
  1. `$380`
  2. `text(24%)`
Show Worked Solution
a.    `text(Price)` `= 500-120`
    `= $380`

 

b.    `text(Discount)` `= 120/500 xx 100text(%)`
    `= 24text(%)`

 

GRAPHS, FUR2 2009 VCAA 2

Luggage over 20 kg in weight is called excess luggage.

Fair Go Airlines charges for transporting excess luggage.

The charges for some excess luggage weights are shown in Table 2.

GRAPHS, FUR2 2009 VCAA 21

  1. Complete this graph by plotting the charge for excess luggage weight of 10 kg. Mark this point with a cross (×).  (1 mark)

    GRAPHS, FUR2 2009 VCAA 22

  2. A graph of the charge against (excess luggage weight)² is to be constructed.

     

    Fill in the missing (excess luggage weight)² value in Table 3 and plot this point with a cross (×) on the graph below.  (1 mark)

    GRAPHS, FUR2 2009 VCAA 23

GRAPHS, FUR2 2009 VCAA 24

  1. The graph above can be used to find the value of `k` in the equation below.

     

          charge = `k` × (excess luggage weight)²

     

    Find `k`.  (1 mark)

  2. Calculate the charge for transporting 12 kg of excess luggage.

     

    Write your answer in dollars correct to the nearest cent.  (1 mark)

Show Answers Only
  1.  
    GRAPHS, FUR2 2009 VCAA 2 Answer
  2.  
    GRAPHS, FUR2 2009 VCAA 2 Answer1
    GRAPHS, FUR2 2009 VCAA 2 Anwer2
  3. `0.45`
  4. `$64.80`
Show Worked Solution
a.   

GRAPHS, FUR2 2009 VCAA 2 Answer

 

b.    GRAPHS, FUR2 2009 VCAA 2 Answer1

GRAPHS, FUR2 2009 VCAA 2 Anwer2

 

c.   `text(Using the point)\ (100,45),`

`45` `= k xx 100`
`:. k` `= 0.45`

 

d.   `text(Charge for 12 kg excess)`

`= 0.45 xx 12^2`

`= $64.80`

GRAPHS, FUR2 2009 VCAA 1

Fair Go Airlines offers air travel between destinations in regional Victoria. 

Table 1 shows the fares for some distances travelled.

GRAPHS, FUR2 2009 VCAA 11

  1. What is the maximum distance a passenger could travel for $160?  (1 mark)

The fares for the distances travelled in Table 1 are graphed below.

GRAPHS, FUR2 2009 VCAA 13

  1. The fare for a distance longer than 400 km, but not longer than 550 km, is $280.

     

    Draw this information on the graph above.  (1 mark)

Fair Go Airlines is planning to change its fares.

A new fare will include a service fee of $40, plus 50 cents per kilometre travelled.

An equation used to determine this new fare is given by

fare = `40 + 0.5` × distance.

  1. A passenger travels 300 km.

     

    How much will this passenger save on the fare calculated using the equation above compared to the fare shown in Table 1?  (1 mark)

  2. At a certain distance between 250 km and 400 km, the fare, when calculated using either the new equation or Table 1, is the same.

     

    What is this distance?  (2 marks)

  3. An equation connecting the maximum distance that may be travelled for each fare in Table 1 on page 16 can be written as

     

             fare = `a` + `b` × maximum distance.

     

    Determine `a` and `b`.  (2 marks)

Show Answers Only
  1. `text(250 km)`
  2.  
    GRAPHS, FUR2 2009 VCAA 1 Answer
  3. `$30`
  4. `360\ text(km)`
  5. `b = 2/5\ text(and)\ a = 60`
Show Worked Solution

a.   `text(250 km)`

 

b.   

GRAPHS, FUR2 2009 VCAA 1 Answer

 

c.    `text(New fare)` `= 40 + 0.5 xx 300`
    `= $190`

 

`text(Fare from the table = $220`

`:.\ text(Passenger will save $30.)`

 

d.   `text(In table 1, a fare of $220 applies for travel)`

`text(between 250 – 400 km.)`

`:. 220` `= 40 + 0.5d`
`0.5d` `= 180`
`d` `= 360\ text(km)`

 

e.   `text(Equations in required form are:)`

`100` `= a + b xx 100\ \ …(1)`
`160` `= a + b xx 250\ \ …(2)`

 

`text(Subtract)\ (2) – (1)`

`60` `= 150b`
`:. b` `= 60/150 = 2/5`

 

`text(Substitute)\ b = 2/5\ text{into (1)}`

`100` `= a + 2/5 xx 100`
`:. a` `= 60`

 

CORE*, FUR2 2010 VCAA 1

The cash price of a large refrigerator is $2000.

  1. A customer buys the refrigerator under a hire-purchase agreement.
  2. She does not pay a deposit and will pay $55 per month for four years.
    1. Calculate the total amount, in dollars, the customer will pay.   (1 mark)

    2. Find the total interest the customer will pay over four years.   (1 mark)

    3. Determine the annual flat interest rate that is applied to this hire-purchase agreement.
    4. Write your answer as a percentage.   (1 mark)

  3. Next year the cash price of the refrigerator will rise by 2.5%.
  4. The following year it will rise by a further 2.0%.
  5. Calculate the cash price of the refrigerator after these two price rises.   (1 mark)

Show Answers Only

  1. i.  `$2640`
  2. ii.  `$640`
  3. iii. `text(8%)`
  4. `$2091`

Show Worked Solution

a.i.   `text(Total amount paid)`

`= 55 xx 4 xx 12`

`= $2640`
  

a.ii.    `text(Total interest)` `= 2640-2000`
    `= $640`

 

a.iii.    `I` `= (PrT)/100`
  `640` `= (2000 xx r xx 4)/100`
  `:. r` `= (640 xx 100)/(2000 xx 4)`
    `= 8text(%)`

  
b.   `text(After 1 year,)`

`P = 2000(1.025) = $2050`

`text(After 2 years,)`

`P = 2050(1.02) = $2091`

GRAPHS, FUR2 2010 VCAA 3

Let `x` be the number of Softsleep pillows that are sold each week and `y` be the number of Resteasy pillows that are sold each week.

A constraint on the number of pillows that can be sold each week is given by

Inequality 1:   `x + y ≤ 150`

  1. Explain the meaning of Inequality 1 in terms of the context of this problem.  (1 mark)

Each week, Anne sells at least 30 Softsleep pillows and at least `k` Resteasy pillows.

These constraints may be written as

Inequality 2:   `x ≥ 30`

 

Inequality 3:   `y ≥ k`

The graphs of  `x + y = 150`  and  `y = k`  are shown below.

GRAPHS, FUR2 2010 VCAA 3

  1. State the value of `k`.  (1 mark)
  2. On the axes above

     

    1. draw the graph of  `x = 30`  (1 mark)
    2. shade the region that satisfies Inequalities 1, 2 and 3.  (1 mark)
  3. Softsleep pillows sell for $65 each and Resteasy pillows sell for $50 each.

     

    What is the maximum possible weekly revenue that Anne can obtain?  (2 marks)

Anne decides to sell a third type of pillow, the Snorestop.

She sells two Snorestop pillows for each Softsleep pillow sold. She cannot sell more than 150 pillows in total each week.

  1. Show that a new inequality for the number of pillows sold each week is given by

     

          Inequality 4:   `3x + y ≤ 150`

     

     

    where     `x`  is the number of Softsleep pillows that are sold each week

     

        and     `y`  is the number of Resteasy pillows that are sold each week.  (1 mark)

Softsleep pillows sell for $65 each.

Resteasy pillows sell for $50 each.

Snorestop pillows sell for $55 each.

  1. Write an equation for the revenue, `R` dollars, from the sale of all three types of pillows, in terms of the variables `x` and `y`.  (1 mark)
  2. Use Inequalities 2, 3 and 4 to calculate the maximum possible weekly revenue from the sale of all three types of pillow.  (2 marks) 
Show Answers Only
  1. `text(Inequality 1 means that the combined number of Softsleep)`
    `text(and Resteasy pillows must be less than 150.)`
  2. `45`
  3. i. & ii.
    GRAPHS, FUR2 2010 VCAA 3 Answer
  4. `$9075`
  5. `text(See Worked Solutions)`
  6. `R = 175x + 50y`
  7. `$8375`
Show Worked Solution

a.   `text(Inequality 1 means that the combined number of Softsleep)`

`text(and Resteasy pillows must be less than 150.)`

 

b.   `k = 45`

 

c.i. & ii.   

GRAPHS, FUR2 2010 VCAA 3 Answer

 

d.   `text(Checking revenue at boundary)`

`text(At)\ (30,120),`

`R = 65 xx 30 + 50 xx 120 = $7950`

`text(At)\ (105,45),`

`R = 65 xx 105 + 50 xx 45 = $9075`

`:. text(Maximum weekly revenue) = $9075`

 

e.   `text(Let)\ z = text(number of SnoreStop pillows)`

♦♦ Mean mark of parts (e)-(g) (combined) was 24%.

`:. x + y + z <= 150,\ text(and)`

`z = 2x\ \ text{(given)}`

`:. x + y + 2x` `<= 150`
`3x + y` `<= 150\ \ …text(as required)`

 

f.    `R` `= 65x + 50y + 55(2x)`
    `= 65x + 50y + 110x`
    `= 175x + 50y`

 

g.   

GRAPHS, FUR2 2010 VCAA 3 Answer1

`text(New intersection occurs at)\ (35,45)`

`:.\ text(Maximum weekly revenue)`

`= 175 xx 35 + 50 xx 45`

`= $8375`

GRAPHS, FUR2 2010 VCAA 1

Anne sells Softsleep pillows for $65 each.

  1. Write an equation for the revenue, `R` dollars, that Anne receives from the sale of `x` Softsleep pillows.  (1 mark)
  2. The cost, `C` dollars, of making `x` Softsleep pillows is given by

`C = 500 + 40x`

Find the cost of making 30 Softsleep pillows.  (1 mark)

The revenue, `R`, from the sale of `x` Softsleep pillows is graphed below.

 

GRAPHS, FUR2 2010 VCAA 1

  1. Draw the graph of  `C = 500 + 40x`  on the axes above.  (1 mark)
  2. How many Softsleep pillows will Anne need to sell in order to break even?  (1 mark)
Show Answers Only
  1. `R = 65x`
  2. `$1700`
  3.  
    GRAPHS, FUR2 2010 VCAA 1 Answer
  4. `text(20 pillows)`
Show Worked Solution

a.   `R = 65x`

 

b.   `text(When)\ x = 30,`

`C` `= 500 + 40 xx 30`
  `= $1700`

 

c.   

GRAPHS, FUR2 2010 VCAA 1 Answer

 

d.   `text(Breakeven occurs when:)`

`text(Revenue)` `=\ text(C)text(osts)`
`65x` `= 500 + 40x`
`25x` `= 500`
`x` `= 20`

 

`:.\ text(Anne needs to sell 20 pillows to breakeven.)`

GEOMETRY, FUR2 2010 VCAA 1

In the plan below, the entry gate of an adventure park is located at point `G`.

A canoeing activity is located at point `C`.

The straight path `GC` is 40 metres long.

The bearing of `C` from `G` is 060°.

 

Geometry anad Trig, FUR2 2011 VCAA 1_1
 

  1. Write down the size of the angle that is marked `x^@` in the plan above.  (1 mark)
  2. What is the bearing of the entry gate from the canoeing activity?  (1 mark)
  3. How many metres north of the entry gate is the canoeing activity?  (1 mark)

`CW` is a 90 metre straight path between the canoeing activity and a water slide located at point `W`.

`GW` is a straight path between the entry gate and the water slide.

The angle `GCW` is 120°.

 

GEOMETRY, FUR2 2010 VCAA 12
 

    1. Find the area that is enclosed by the three paths, `GC`, `CW` and `GW`.

       

      Write your answer in square metres, correct to one decimal place.  (1 mark)

    2. Show that the length of path `GW` is 115.3 metres, correct to one decimal place.  (1 mark)

Straight paths `CK` and `WK` lead to the kiosk located at point `K`.

These two paths are of equal length.

The angle `KCW` is 10°.

 

GEOMETRY, FUR2 2010 VCAA 13

    1. Find the size of the angle `CKW`.  (1 mark)
    2. Find the length of path `CK`, in metres, correct to one decimal place.  (1 mark)
Show Answers Only
  1. `120^@`
  2. `240^@`
  3. `20\ text(m)`
    1. `1558.8\ text{m²  (1 d.p.)}`
    2. `text(See Worked Solutions.)`
    1. `160^@`
    2. `45.7\ text{m  (1 d.p.)}`
Show Worked Solution
a.    `x^@ + 60^@` `= 180^@`
   `:. x^@` `= 120^@`

 

b.   `text(Bearing of)\ G\ text(from)\ C`

MARKER’S COMMENT: True bearings (3 figure) are preferred to quadrant bearings although S60°W was accepted.

`= 360 – 120`

`= 240^@`

 

c.   

GEOMETRY, FUR2 2010 VCAA 1 Answer1

`text(Let)\ d = text(distance north of)\ C\ text(from)\ G`

`cos60^@` `= d/40`
`:. d` `= 40 xx cos60`
  `= 20\ text(m)`

 

d.i.    `A` `= 1/2ab sinC`
    `= 1/2 xx 40 xx 90 xx sin120^@`
    `= 1558.84…`
    `= 1558.8\ text{m²  (1 d.p.)}`

 

d.ii.   `text(Using the cosine rule,)`

`GW` `= sqrt(40^2 + 90^2 + 2 xx 40 xx 90 xx cos120^@)`
  `= sqrt(13\ 300)`
  `= 115.32…`
  `= 115.3\ text{(1 d.p.)  …as required.}`

 

e.i.   `DeltaCKW\ text(is isosceles)`

`:. angleCKW` `= 180 – (2 xx 10)`
  `= 160^@`

 

e.ii.   `text(Using the sine rule,)`

`(CK)/(sin10^@)` `= 90/(sin160^@)`
`:. CK` `= (90 xx sin10^@)/(sin160^@)`
  `= 45.69…`
  `= 45.7\ text{m  (1 d.p.)}`

CORE*, FUR2 2011 VCAA 1

Tony plans to take his family on a holiday.

The total cost of $3630 includes a 10% Goods and Services Tax (GST).

  1. Determine the amount of GST that is included in the total cost.  (1 mark)

During the holiday, the family plans to visit some theme parks.

The prices of family tickets for three theme parks are shown in the table below.

BUSINESS, FUR2 2011 VCAA 1

  1. What is the total cost for the family if it visits all three theme parks?  (1 mark)

If Tony purchases the Movie Journey family ticket online, the cost is discounted to $202.40

  1. Determine the percentage discount.  (1 mark)
Show Answers Only
  1. `$330`
  2. `$462`
  3. `text(8%)`
Show Worked Solution

a.   `text(Let $)P\ text(be the cost ex-GST)`

`P + 10text(%)P` `= 3630`
`1.1P` `= 3630`
`P` `= 3630/1.1`
  `= $3300`
   
`:.\ text(GST)` `= 10text(%) xx $3300`
  `= $330`

 

b.   `text(C)text(ost to visit all 3 parks)`

`= 82 + 220 + 160`

`= $462`

 

c.    `text(Savings)` `= 220 – 202.40`
    `= 17.60`
`:.\ text(Discount)` `= (17.60)/220`
  `= 0.08`
  `= 8text(%)`

CORE*, FUR2 2012 VCAA 1

A club purchased new equipment priced at $8360. A 15% deposit was paid.

  1. Calculate the deposit.   (1 mark)

    1. Determine the amount of money that the club still owes on the equipment after the deposit is paid.   (1 mark)
    2. The amount owing will be fully repaid in 12 installments of $650.
    3. Determine the total interest paid.   (1 mark)

Show Answers Only

  1. `$1254`
  2. i.  `$7106`
  3. ii. `$684`

Show Worked Solution

a.    `text(Deposit)` `= 15text(%) xx 8360`
    `= $1254`

 

b.i.    `text(Amount still owed)` `= 8360-1254`
    `= $7106`

 

b.ii.    `text(Total repayments)` `= 12 xx 650`
    `= $7800`

 
`:.\ text(Total interest paid)`

`= 7800-7106`

`= $694`

NETWORKS, FUR1 2006 VCAA 2 MC

The following directed graph represents a series of one-way streets with intersections numbered as nodes 1 to 8.
 

networks-fur1-2006-vcaa-2-mc-1
 

All intersections can be reached from

A.   intersection 4

B.   intersection 5

C.   intersection 6

D.   intersection 7

E.   intersection 8 

Show Answers Only

`B`

Show Worked Solution

`rArr B`

NETWORKS, FUR1 2007 VCAA 2 MC

A connected planar graph has 12 edges.

This graph could have

  1. 5 vertices and 6 faces.
  2. 5 vertices and 8 faces.
  3. 6 vertices and 8 faces.
  4. 6 vertices and 9 faces.
  5. 7 vertices and 9 faces.
Show Answers Only

`C`

Show Worked Solution

`text(Consider option C,)`

`v + f` `= e + 2`
`6 + 8` `= 12 + 2`
`14` `= 14`

 

 
`text(i.e. Euler’s formula holds.)`

`=>  C`

NETWORKS, FUR1 2011 VCAA 6 MC

A store manager is directly in charge of five department managers.

Each department manager is directly in charge of six sales people in their department.

This staffing structure could be represented graphically by

A.   a tree.

B.   a circuit.

C.   an Euler path.

D.   a Hamiltonian path.

E.   a complete graph.

Show Answers Only

`A`

Show Worked Solution

`=>  A`

NETWORKS, FUR1 2011 VCAA 5 MC

A network is represented by the following graph.
 

Which of the following graphs could not be used to represent the same network?

vcaa-networks-fur1-2011-5ii

vcaa-networks-fur1-2011-5iii

Show Answers Only

`E`

Show Worked Solution

`E\ text(has 2 vertices with degree 2, whereas all the)`

`text(vertices of the given network are degree 3.)`

`=>  E`

MATRICES*, FUR1 2013 VCAA 9 MC

Alana, Ben, Ebony, Daniel and Caleb are friends. Each friend has a different age.

The arrows in the graph below show the relative ages of some, but not all, of the friends. For example, the arrow in the graph from Alana to Caleb shows that Alana is older than Caleb.
  

 
Using the information in the graph, it can be deduced that the second-oldest person in this group of friends is

A.   Alana

B.   Ben

C.   Caleb

D.   Daniel

E.   Ebony

Show Answers Only

`B`

Show Worked Solution

`text(Completing the graph,)`

vcaa-networks-fur1-2013-9i

`:.\ text(Oldest to youngest is:)`

`text(Alana, Ben, Daniel, Caleb, Ebony.)`

`=>  B`

NETWORKS, FUR1 2013 VCAA 4 MC

Kate, Lexie, Mei and Nasim enter a competition as a team. In this competition, the team must complete four tasks, `W, X, Y\ text(and)\ Z`, as quickly as possible.

The table shows the time, in minutes, that each person would take to complete each of the four tasks.
 

     
 

If each team member is allocated one task only, the minimum time in which this team would complete the four tasks is

A.   `10\ text(minutes)`

B.   `12\ text(minutes)`

C.   `13\ text(minutes)`

D.   `14\ text(minutes)`

E.   `15\ text(minutes)`

Show Answers Only

`D`

Show Worked Solution

`text(The tasks should be allocated according to the table below:)`

vcaa-networks-fur1-2013-4i

 
`:.\ text(Minimum time)`

`= 5 + 3 + 4 + 2`

`= 14\ text(minutes)`

`=>  D`

NETWORKS, FUR1 2013 VCAA 3 MC


 

The vertices of the graph above represent nine computers in a building. The computers are to be connected with optical fibre cables, which are represented by edges. The numbers on the edges show the costs, in hundreds of dollars, of linking these computers with optical fibre cables.

Based on the same set of vertices and edges, which one of the following graphs shows the cable layout (in bold) that would link all the computers with optical fibre cables for the minimum cost?
 

 

vcaa-networks-fur1-2013-3ii

vcaa-networks-fur1-2013-3iii

Show Answers Only

`A`

Show Worked Solution

`=>  A`

MATRICES*, FUR2 2006 VCAA 2

The five musicians, George, Harriet, Ian, Josie and Keith, compete in a music trivia game.

Each musician competes once against every other musician.

In each game there is a winner and a loser.

The results are represented in the dominance matrix, Matrix 1, and also in the incomplete directed graph below.

On the directed graph an arrow from Harriet to George shows that Harriet won against George.
 

NETWORKS, FUR2 2006 VCAA 2

  1. Explain why the figures in bold in Matrix 1 are all zero.   (1 mark)

One of the edges on the directed graph is missing.

  1. Using the information in Matrix 1, draw in the missing edge on the directed graph above and clearly show its direction.   (1 mark)

The results of each trivia contest (one-step dominances) are summarised as follows.

networks-fur2-2006-vcaa-2_2 

In order to rank the musicians from first to last in the trivia contest, two-step (two-edge) dominances will be considered.

The following incomplete matrix, Matrix 2, shows two-step dominances.
 

`{:(qquadqquadqquadtext(Matrix 2)),(qquadqquad{:GquadHquadI\ quadJquad\ K:}),({:(G),(H),(I),(J),(K):}[(0,1,1,2,0),(1,0,1,1,1),(1,0,0,0,0),(0,0,1,0,1),(2,0,1,x,0)]):}`
 

  1. Explain the two-step dominance that George has over Ian.   (1 mark)

  2. Determine the value of the entry `x` in Matrix 2.   (1 mark)

  3. Taking into consideration both the one-step and two-step dominances, determine which musician was ranked first and which was ranked last in the trivia contest.   (2 marks)

Show Answers Only
  1. `text(A musicians does not compete against him/herself.)`
  2.  
    networks-fur2-2006-vcaa-2-anwer
  3. `text(Two step dominance occurs because George is dominant)`

     

    `text(over Keith who is in turn dominant over Ian.)`

  4. `2`
  5. `text{First is Keith (8), last is Ian (2)}`
Show Worked Solution

a.   `text(A musicians does not compete against him/herself.)`

 

b.   `text(Josie won against George.)`

 

networks-fur2-2006-vcaa-2-anwer

 

c.   `text(Two step dominance occurs because George is dominant)`

`text(over Keith who is in turn dominant over Ian.)`

 

d.   `text(Following the edges on network diagram:)`

`text(Keith over Harriet who beats Josie.)`

`text(Keith over Ian who beats Ian.)`

`:. x = 2`

 

e.    `D_1 + D_2 =` `[(0,1,2,2,1),(2,0,2,2,1),(1,0,0,1,0),(1,0,1,0,1),(2,1,2,3,0)]{:(G – 6),(H – 7),(I – 2),(J – 3),(K – 8):}`

 

`text{Summing the rows (above),}`

`:.\ text{First is Keith (8), last is Ian (2).}`

NETWORKS, FUR2 2006 VCAA 1

George, Harriet, Ian, Josie and Keith are a group of five musicians. 

They are forming a band where each musician will fill one position only. 

The following bipartite graph illustrates the positions that each is able to fill.

 

NETWORKS, FUR2 2006 VCAA 1
 

  1. Which musician must play the guitar?   (1 mark)

  2. Complete the table showing the positions that the following musicians must fill in the band.   (2 marks)

     

       
      NETWORKS, FUR2 2006 VCAA 11

Show Answers Only
  1. `text(George)`
  2.  
    networks-fur2-2006-vcaa-1-answer
Show Worked Solution

a.    `text(Harriet must play the drums, which means that)`

`text(George will play the guitar.)`

 

b.    networks-fur2-2006-vcaa-1-answer

NETWORKS, FUR2 2007 VCAA 2

The estate has large open parklands that contain seven large trees.

The trees are denoted as vertices `A` to `G` on the network diagram below.

Walking paths link the trees as shown.

The numbers on the edges represent the lengths of the paths in metres.
 

NETWORKS, FUR2 2007 VCAA 2

  1. Determine the sum of the degrees of the vertices of this network.   (1 mark)

  2. One day Jamie decides to go for a walk that will take him along each of the paths between the trees.

    He wishes to walk the minimum possible distance.


    i.     State a vertex at which Jamie could begin his walk?   (1 mark)

  3. ii. Determine the total distance, in metres, that Jamie will walk.   (1 mark)

Michelle is currently at `F`.

She wishes to follow a route that can be described as the shortest Hamiltonian circuit.

  1. Write down a route that Michelle can take.   (1 mark) 
Show Answers Only
  1. `24`
    1. `C\ text(or)\ G`
    2. `2800\ text(m)`

  3. `F-G-A-B-C-D-E-F,\ text(or)`
    `F-E-D-C-B-A-G-F`

Show Worked Solution

a.   `text(Sum of degrees of vertices)`

♦ Mean mark of all parts (combined) 44%.

`= 4 + 2 + 5 + 2 + 4 + 4 + 3`

`= 24`
  

b.i.   `C\ text(or)\ G`

`text(An Euler path is required and)`

`text(therefore the starting point is at)`

`text(a vertex with an odd degree.)`
  

b.ii.   `2800\ text(m)`

MARKER’S COMMENT: Many students incorrectly found the shortest Hamiltonian path.

c.    `F-G-A-B-C-D-E-F,\ text(or)`

`F-E-D-C-B-A-G-F`

NETWORKS, FUR2 2007 VCAA 1

A new housing estate is being developed.

There are five houses under construction in one location.

These houses are numbered as points 1 to 5 below.
 

NETWORKS, FUR2 2007 VCAA 1

  
The builders require the five houses to be connected by electrical cables to enable the workers to have a supply of power on each site.

  1. What is the minimum number of edges needed to connect the five houses?  (1 mark)

  2. On the diagram above, draw a connected graph with this number of edges.  (1 mark) 

Show Answers Only
  1. `4`
  2.  
    networks-fur2-2007-vcaa-1-answer
Show Worked Solution

a.   `text(Minimum number of edges = 4)`
 

b.   `text(One of many possibilities:)`

networks-fur2-2007-vcaa-1-answer

NETWORKS, FUR1 2014 VCAA 1 MC

The graph below shows the roads connecting four towns: Kelly, Lindon, Milton and Nate.


A bus starts at Kelly, travels through Nate and Lindon, then stops when it reaches Milton.

The mathematical term for this route is

A.  a loop.

B.  an Eulerian path.

C.  an Eulerian circuit.

D.  a Hamiltonian path.

E.  a Hamiltonian circuit.

Show Answers Only

`D`

Show Worked Solution

`text(A Hamiltonian path touches every vertex)`

`text(exactly once.)`

`=>D` 

NETWORKS, FUR1 2015 VCAA 7 MC

Four people, Abe, Bailey, Chris and Donna, are each to be allocated one of four tasks. Each person can complete each of the four tasks in a set time. These times, in minutes, are shown in the table below.
 

NETWORKS, FUR1 2015 VCAA 7 MC

 
If each person is allocated a different task, the minimum total time for these four people to complete these four tasks is

A.   260 minutes

B.   355 minutes

C.   360 minutes

D.   365 minutes

E.   375 minutes

Show Answers Only

`B`

Show Worked Solution

`text(Minimum total time)`

♦ Mean mark 43%.

`=80 +  90 + 125 + 60`

`= 355\ text(minutes)`

`=> B`