The diagram shows a simplified version of the process of polypeptide synthesis.
- Compare Process
with DNA replication. (3 marks)
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- Explain the importance of mRNA and tRNA in polypeptide synthesis. (5 marks)
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a. Process
→ Both DNA replication and transcription (Process
→ DNA replication’s goal is to create two identical DNA molecules, with each containing one original and one new strand.
→ In contrast, transcription copies just one DNA strand to produce a single mRNA strand.
b. mRNA and tRNA’s role in polypeptide synthesis:
→ mRNA is created in the nucleus by copying a DNA template during transcription.
→ This mRNA molecule serves as a messenger, carrying genetic instructions (in the form of codons) from the nucleus out to ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
→ At the ribosome, translation kicks in – this is where the genetic code gets converted into protein.
→ tRNA molecules are key players here – each has an anticodon that matches up with specific codons on the mRNA strand.
→ The process flows like an assembly line: mRNA codons are read in sequence, tRNA molecules bring in matching amino acids, and these amino acids are linked together to form a polypeptide chain.
a. Process
→ Both DNA replication and transcription (Process
→ DNA replication’s goal is to create two identical DNA molecules, with each containing one original and one new strand.
→ In contrast, transcription copies just one DNA strand to produce a single mRNA strand.
b. mRNA and tRNA’s role in polypeptide synthesis:
→ mRNA is created in the nucleus by copying a DNA template during transcription.
→ This mRNA molecule serves as a messenger, carrying genetic instructions (in the form of codons) from the nucleus out to ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
→ At the ribosome, translation kicks in – this is where the genetic code gets converted into protein.
→ tRNA molecules are key players here – each has an anticodon that matches up with specific codons on the mRNA strand.
→ The process flows like an assembly line: mRNA codons are read in sequence, tRNA molecules bring in matching amino acids, and these amino acids are linked together to form a polypeptide chain.