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BIOLOGY, M7 EQ-Bank 11
Complete the following table to show the distinguishing characteristic of each pathogen and a disease caused by each. (3 marks)
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BIOLOGY, M7 EQ-Bank 1 MC
All pathogens can be described as
- infectious.
- macroscopic.
- microscopic.
- viral.
BIOLOGY, M7 2014 HSC 5 MC
In which of the following cases would bacteria be described as pathogens?
- Bacteria reducing lung function in mammals
- Bacteria in the human gut assisting digestion
- Bacteria producing insulin as a result of genetic engineering
- Bacteria in the mouth preventing growth of harmful bacteria
BIOLOGY, M5 2020 HSC 32b
The rabies virus is a single-stranded RNA virus. It contains and codes for only five proteins. The diagrams show the structure and reproduction of the virus.
- Use the information provided in Diagram 1 to explain why the rabies virus cannot be classified as a cellular pathogen. (3 marks)
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- After infection the virus reproduces in muscle cells near the bite site and in the central nervous system. This requires the single-stranded rabies RNA to be transcribed, translated and replicated in the cytoplasm of host cells. These processes are shown in Diagram 2.
- Use the information provided in Diagrams 1 and 2 to explain the role of viral RNA polymerase in the reproduction of the virus. (5 marks)
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BIOLOGY, M7 2017 HSC 14 MC
Which statement correctly describes fungi and protozoans?
- Fungi and protozoans are unicellular.
- Fungi and protozoans have chloroplasts.
- Fungi have a cell wall and protozoans do not.
- Fungi are procaryotic and protozoans are eucaryotic.
BIOLOGY, M7 2016 HSC 25
Rabies is a disease caused by a virus that affects mammals.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur investigated dogs that were suffering from rabies in order to find the cause. He believed rabies was caused by a microorganism but could not culture it in broth nor observe it under the light microscope. However, he could cause the disease in healthy dogs by injecting them with saliva from infected dogs. He was able to repeat the disease cycle in this way.
- Why was Pasteur NOT able to observe the rabies virus? (2 marks)
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- Explain why Pasteur needed to identify and culture the microorganism in order to meet the scientific standards for establishing the cause of rabies. (4 marks)
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BIOLOGY, M7 2016 HSC 15 MC
The table shows four features that can be used to distinguish between types of pathogens.
Which row of the table is correct?
BIOLOGY, M7 2018 HSC 8 MC
An organism suspected of causing a disease is described as being unicellular, having a cell wall and lacking a nucleus.
How is this organism classified?
- A bacterium
- A fungus
- A protozoan
- A virus
BIOLOGY, M7 2015 HSC 9 MC
A pathogen and a red blood cell are drawn to the same scale, with some features indicated.
What type of pathogen is this?
- A virus
- A prion
- A fungus
- A bacterium
BIOLOGY, M7 2019 HSC 33d
Alzheimer's disease causes destruction of brain tissue, dementia and eventually death.
The diagram shows the effect of Alzheimer's disease on the brain.
Amyloid beta protein is produced in the human brain throughout life. In people with Alzheimer's disease, it accumulates in excessive amounts.
The gene with the greatest known effect on the risk of developing late-onset Alzheimer's disease is called APOE. It is found on chromosome 19.
The APOE gene has multiple alleles, including e2, e3 and e4 .
The table shows the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease for various APOE genotypes compared to average risk in the population.
A large epidemiological study was conducted. It used historical data to investigate the association between Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection and dementia. Dementia is caused by a variety of brain illnesses. Alzheimer's disease is the most common cause of dementia.
The study used the records of 8362 patients with HSV infection and 25086 randomly selected sex- and age-matched control patients without HSV infection. Some of the patients with HSV had been treated with antiviral medication.
The graph below shows some results of the study.
Diseases are classified as infectious or non-infectious.
Evaluate whether Alzheimer's disease should be classified as an infectious disease or a non-infectious disease. In your answer, include reference to the information and data provided above. (8 marks)
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BIOLOGY, M8 2019 HSC 1 MC
Which of the following is an example of a non-infectious disease?
- Polio caused by a virus
- Cholera caused by a bacterium
- Wheat rust caused by a fungus
- Haemophilia caused by a gene mutation
BIOLOGY, M7 2022 HSC 21b
The following key can be used to classify some pathogens.
Complete each empty box with an appropriate pathogen. (3 marks)
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BIOLOGY, M7 2020 HSC 4 MC
Malaria is a disease in humans caused by a single-celled Plasmodium species. It is transmitted by female mosquitoes.
Which of the following is true for malaria?
- Both Plasmodium and the mosquito are vectors
- Both Plasmodium and the mosquito are pathogens
- The mosquito is the vector and Plasmodium is the pathogen
- The mosquito is the pathogen and Plasmodium is the vector
BIOLOGY, M7 2021 HSC 14 MC
The human PRNP gene codes for the prion protein. Misfolding of this protein may be the result of ingesting tissue that contains misfolded prion protein or a mutation. Accumulation of misfolded prion protein causes serious diseases such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD).
Which of the following statements best classifies CJD?
- It is both a genetic disease and an infectious disease.
- It is a genetic disease only, since it is encoded by a gene.
- It is not an infectious disease because the prion is non-cellular.
- It is an infectious disease and the normal prion protein is the pathogen.
BIOLOGY, M7 2021 HSC 21
- Label TWO features on the diagram below that would help to classify this pathogen as a bacterium. (2 marks)
- A scientist followed Koch's postulates to confirm that this bacterium was causing diarrhoea in pigs on a local farm.
- Complete the boxes in the flowchart provided to show the steps taken by the scientist. (2 marks)
- Two pig farmers on neighbouring farms noticed that their pigs were suffering from diarrhoea and gradually losing weight. The farmers each adopted a different strategy to deal with this disease, as shown in the table.
Outline ONE benefit and ONE limitation of the strategies used on each farm. (3 marks)
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