- Outline ONE adaptation of a specific pathogen that facilitates its entry into a host. (2 marks)
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- Explain how the mode of transmission of pathogens influences the spread of diseases. (3 marks)
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a. → Helicobacter pylori is a bacteria that causes stomach ulcers.
→ It has flagellum which allows it to move in the stomach and penetrate the stomach wall.
Other answers could include:
→ Salmonella and its ability to adapt to host blood temperature.
b. → Diseases will be able to spread faster and easier with certain modes of transmission.
→ Airborne disease such as influenza are able to spread faster as the virus can be passed through droplets of air by infected individuals sneezing/coughing.
→ Diseases that can only spread via direct contact will have lower infection rates as there is a less effective mode of transmission.
Other answers could include the effectiveness of modes such as
→ Vectors and their presence in an area influencing infection rate.
→ Foodborne/waterborne diseases.
→ Zoonotic diseases.
a. → Helicobacter pylori is a bacteria that causes stomach ulcers.
→ It has flagellum which allows it to move in the stomach and penetrate the stomach wall.
Other answers could include:
→ Salmonella and its ability to adapt to host blood temperature.
b. → Diseases will be able to spread faster and easier with certain modes of transmission.
→ Airborne disease such as influenza are able to spread faster as the virus can be passed through droplets of air by infected individuals sneezing/coughing.
→ Diseases that can only spread via direct contact will have lower infection rates as there is a less effective mode of transmission.
Other answers could include the effectiveness of modes such as
→ Vectors and their presence in an area influencing infection rate.
→ Foodborne/waterborne diseases.
→ Zoonotic diseases.