A 400 kg satellite is travelling in a circular orbit of radius 6.700 × 10\(^6\) m around Earth. Its potential energy is –2.389 × 10\(^{10}\ \text{J}\) and its total energy is –1.195 × 10\(^{10}\ \text{J}\). At point \(P\), the satellite's engines are fired, increasing the satellite's velocity in the direction of travel and causing its kinetic energy to increase by 5.232 × 10\(^8\ \text{J}\). Assume that this happens instantaneously and that the engine is then shut down. The satellite follows the trajectory shown, which passes through \(Q\), 6.850 × 10\(^6\) m from Earth's centre. --- 5 WORK AREA LINES (style=lined) --- --- 5 WORK AREA LINES (style=lined) --- --- 5 WORK AREA LINES (style=lined) ---
PHYSICS, M5 EQ-Bank 28
A bullet is fired vertically from the surface of Mars, at the escape velocity of Mars. Another bullet is fired vertically from the surface of Earth, at the escape velocity of Earth.
Neglecting air resistance, compare the energy transformations of the two bullets. (5 marks)
PHYSICS, M5 EQ-Bank 23
A rocket carrying a satellite is launched from Earth. Once the rocket engine is switched off the satellite continues in an elliptical orbit.
Explain the satellite's changes in energy during this journey. (3 marks)
PHYSICS, M6 2016 HSC 30
The following makeshift device was made to provide lighting for a stranded astronaut on Mars.
The mass of Mars is `6.39 ×10^(23) \ text {kg}`.
The 2 kg mass falls, turning the DC generator, which supplies energy to the light bulb. The mass falls from a point that is 3 376 204 m from the centre of Mars.
- Calculate the maximum possible energy released by the light bulb as the mass falls through a distance of one metre. (3 marks)
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- Explain the difference in the behaviour of the falling mass when the switch is open. (3 marks)
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PHYSICS, M5 2017 HSC 24
The escape velocity from a planet is given by `v = sqrt((2GM)/(r))`.
- The radius of Mars is `3.39 × 10^(6) \ text{m}` and its mass is `6.39 × 10^(23) \ text{kg}`.
- Calculate the escape velocity from the surface of Mars. (2 marks)
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- Using the law of conservation of energy, show that the escape velocity of an object is independent of its mass. (3 marks)
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PHYSICS, M5 2017 HSC 12 MC
A satellite orbits Earth with an elliptical orbit that passes through positions `X` and `Y`.
Which row of the table correctly identifies the position at which the satellite has greater kinetic energy and the position at which it has greater potential energy?
PHYSICS, M5 2018 HSC 28
The radius of the moon is 1740 km. The moon's mass is `7.35 × 10^(22)` kg. In this question, ignore the moon's rotational and orbital motion.
A 20 kg mass is launched vertically from the moon's surface at a velocity of `1200 \ text{m s}^(-1)`.
- Show that the change in potential energy of the mass in moving from the surface to an altitude of 500 km is `1.26 × 10^7 \ text{J}`. (2 marks)
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- Calculate the velocity of the 20 kg mass at an altitude of 500 km. (3 marks)
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PHYSICS, M6 2020 HSC 33
A strong magnet of mass 0.04 kg falls 0.78 m under the action of gravity from position `X` above a hollow copper cylinder. It then travels a distance of 0.20 m through the cylinder from `Y` to `Z` before falling freely again.
The magnet takes 0.5 seconds to pass through the cylinder. The displacement-time graph of the magnet is shown.
Analyse the motion of the magnet by applying the law of conservation of energy.
Your analysis should refer to gravity and the copper cylinder, and include both qualitative and quantitative information. (9 marks)
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PHYSICS M5 2022 HSC 25
A rocket is launched vertically from a planet of mass `M`. After it leaves the atmosphere, the rocket's engine is turned off and it continues to move away from the planet. From this time the rocket's mass is 200 kg. The rocket's speed, `v`, at two different distances from the planet's centre, `R`, is shown.
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Show that the magnitude of the change in kinetic energy from point 1 to point 2 is `2.2 xx10^(9) \ text{J}`. (2 marks)
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Determine the mass `M` of the planet using the law of conservation of energy. (3 marks)
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PHYSICS M5 2022 HSC 6 MC
The elliptical orbit of a planet around a star is shown.
Which type of energy is greater at position `P` than at `Q` ?
- Kinetic
- Nuclear
- Potential
- Total
PHYSICS, M5 2021 HSC 25
A satellite is launched from the surface of Mars into an orbit that keeps it directly above a position on the surface of Mars.
Mass of Mars = `6.39 xx 10^(23)` kg
Length of Martian day = 24 hours and 40 minutes
- Identify TWO energy changes as the satellite moves from the surface of Mars into orbit. (2 marks)
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- Calculate the orbital radius of the satellite. (3 marks)
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PHYSICS, M5 2021 HSC 9 MC
A mass, `M`, is positioned at an equal distance from two identical stars as shown.
The mass is then moved to position `X`.
Which graph best represents the gravitational potential energy, `U`, of the mass during this movement?