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HMS, BM EQ-Bank 57

Analyse how the structure of the respiratory and circulatory systems work together to support performance in a rock climber during a difficult ascent.  (8 marks)

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Sample Answer

  • Bronchi branching increases surface area for gas exchange
  • Capillary networks around alveoli optimise oxygen transfer
  • Heart chambers coordinate blood flow with breathing
  • Intercostal muscles expand ribcage as intensity increases
  • Blood vessels in arms dilate to meet grip demands
  • Sustained climbing requires matched system efficiency
  • Recovery between moves allows system adjustment
  • Both systems adapt to changing body positions
  • Performance limited if either system reaches capacity
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Sample Answer

  • Bronchi branching increases surface area for gas exchange
  • Capillary networks around alveoli optimise oxygen transfer
  • Heart chambers coordinate blood flow with breathing
  • Intercostal muscles expand ribcage as intensity increases
  • Blood vessels in arms dilate to meet grip demands
  • Sustained climbing requires matched system efficiency
  • Recovery between moves allows system adjustment
  • Both systems adapt to changing body positions
  • Performance limited if either system reaches capacity

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 56

Describe how the heart's structure supports blood flow during a 400m sprint.  (6 marks)

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Sample Answer

  • Four chambers separate oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
  • Thick ventricular walls enable forceful contractions
  • Valve system prevents backflow during intense activity
  • Coronary arteries supply heart muscle during increased demand
  • Chamber size allows increased stroke volume
  • Elastic arterial walls help maintain blood pressure
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Sample Answer

  • Four chambers separate oxygenated and deoxygenated blood
  • Thick ventricular walls enable forceful contractions
  • Valve system prevents backflow during intense activity
  • Coronary arteries supply heart muscle during increased demand
  • Chamber size allows increased stroke volume
  • Elastic arterial walls help maintain blood pressure

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 55

Explain how the diaphragm's structure supports efficient movement during a tennis serve.  (4 marks)

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Sample Answer

  • Dome shape allows full contraction during forceful movements
  • Muscle fibres enable powerful contraction for deep breathing
  • Attaches to lower ribs providing stable anchor point
  • Coordinated movement increases lung capacity during serve action
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Sample Answer

  • Dome shape allows full contraction during forceful movements
  • Muscle fibres enable powerful contraction for deep breathing
  • Attaches to lower ribs providing stable anchor point
  • Coordinated movement increases lung capacity during serve action

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 54 MC

During a netball game, which sequence accurately shows how the respiratory and circulatory systems work together in the goal shooter's muscles?

  1. Decreased lung capacity → slower blood flow → reduced oxygen to muscles
  2. Steady breathing rate → reduced heart rate → increased muscle oxygen
  3. Increased breathing rate → enhanced blood flow → greater oxygen delivery
  4. Rapid breathing → decreased circulation → higher muscle oxygen
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Consider Option C: Increased breathing rate → enhanced blood flow → greater oxygen delivery

  • Shows correct relationship between systems during sport-specific movement

Incorrect Options:

  • Other options contain physiologically incorrect relationships

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 53 MC

During steady-state running, which statement correctly identifies how the respiratory and circulatory systems structure enables oxygen delivery to working leg muscles?

  1. Bronchioles constrict while capillaries dilate in muscles
  2. Alveoli and surrounding capillaries maximize gas exchange
  3. Airways narrow while blood vessels expand in lungs
  4. Bronchi expand while blood flow decreases to muscles
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Consider Option B: Alveoli and surrounding capillaries maximize gas exchange

  • Correctly shows the structural relationship enabling efficient gas exchange

Incorrect Options:

  • A: Bronchioles don’t constrict during exercise
  • C: Airways don’t narrow during exercise
  • D: Blood flow increases not decreases to muscles

HMS, BM EQ-Bank 52 MC

A volleyball player performs a jump serve. Which respiratory system change enables efficient movement?

  1. Decreased gas exchange at the site of alveoli
  2. Reduced breathing rate during acceleration
  3. Increased pulmonary ventilation as muscles activate
  4. Slower respiratory rate with muscle contraction
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Show Worked Solution

Consider Option C: Gaseous exchange increases in alveoli

  • Links increased ventilation with muscle activation for movement

Incorrect Options:

  • Other options incorrectly suggest decreases/reductions during activity